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OSCE > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Knee flexion is assessing which nerve root(s) and peripheral nerve?

A

L5/S1 - sciatic

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2
Q

Finger abduction is assessing which nerve root(s) and peripheral nerve?

A

T1 - ulnar

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3
Q

What is/are the role(s) of CN V?

A

Sensory - facial sensation Motor (V3 only) - muscles involved in mouth opening/mastication/swallowing

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4
Q

Where do you test sensation for the L4 nerve root?

A

Medial malleolus

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5
Q

Knee extension is assessing which nerve root(s) and peripheral nerve?

A

L3/4 - femoral

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6
Q

What cranial nerve is responsible for the afferent limb of the gag reflex?

A

CNIX

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7
Q

Using a normal Snellen chart on the wall, how far away should the patient be standing?

A

6m

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8
Q

What is/are the role(s) of CN III?

A

Motor - movement of eye muscles (SR, IR, MR, IO, LPS) Parasympathetic - pupillary constriction (via sphincter pupillae)

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9
Q

What cranial nerve is responsible for the efferent limb of the corneal reflex?

A

CNVII

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10
Q

Muscle wasting and fasciculations on examination is suggestive of what type of lesion?

A

LMN

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11
Q

If assessing a patient with potential Parkinson’s, what are the most important areas to examine?

A

Gait, tone, tremor, bradykinesia

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12
Q

If Weber’s test lateralises to the non-affected side, what type of hearing loss does this suggest?

A

Sensorineural

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13
Q

A resting tremor associated with Parkinson’s should resolve upon what movement?

A

Holding hands out in front of them and spreading fingers apart

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14
Q

What type of hearing loss is suggested by bone conduction being louder than air conduction in Rinne’s test?

A

Conductive

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15
Q

Big toe extension is assessing which nerve root(s) and peripheral nerve?

A

L5 - common fibular

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16
Q

Where do you test sensation for the C6 nerve root?

A

Tip of thumb

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17
Q

What type of lesion will cause a non-forehead sparing facial nerve palsy?

A

LMN lesion e.g. Bell’s palsy, Ramsay-Hunt, MS

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18
Q

What further examinations would you want to do to rule out a Parkinson’s plus syndrome?

A

Eye movements, full neurological exams and lying/standing BP

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19
Q

What cranial nerve is responsible for the efferent limb of the gag reflex?

A

CNX

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20
Q

What cranial nerve is responsible for the afferent limb of the corneal reflex?

A

CNV1

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21
Q

What happens to reflexes in an UMN lesion?

A

Brisk

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22
Q

If using a hand held Snellen chart to assess visual acuity, how far away from the patient should it be held?

A

30cm

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23
Q

Ankle dorsiflexion is assessing which nerve root(s) and peripheral nerve?

A

L4 - common fibular

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24
Q

Hip flexion is assessing which nerve root(s) and peripheral nerve?

A

L1/2 - femoral

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25
Q

Wrist extension is assessing which nerve root(s) and peripheral nerve?

A

C6 - radial

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26
Q

Elbow extension is assessing which nerve root(s) and peripheral nerve?

A

C7 - radial

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27
Q

Thumb abduction is assessing which nerve root(s) and peripheral nerve?

A

T1 - median

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28
Q

Which nerve roots are you testing with the supinator jerk?

A

C5/6

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29
Q

Where do you test sensation for the C8 nerve root?

A

Tip of little finger

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30
Q

Where do you test sensation for the T1 nerve root?

A

Medial mid forearm

31
Q

If there is unilateral hypoglossal nerve pathology, in what direction will the tongue be deviated?

A

Towards the affected side

32
Q

What is/are the role(s) of CN VI?

A

Motor - movement of eye muscle (LR)

33
Q

Where do you test sensation for the C5 nerve root?

A

Regimental badge patch area

34
Q

Hip extension is assessing which nerve root(s) and peripheral nerve?

A

L5/S1 - gluteal

35
Q

If Weber’s test lateralises to the affected side, what type of hearing loss does this suggest?

A

Conductive

36
Q

Where do you test sensation for the C4 nerve root?

A

Shoulder tip

37
Q

Where do you test sensation for the L5 nerve root?

A

Dorsal 1st web space

38
Q

Where do you test sensation for the L3 nerve root?

A

Medial thigh just above knee

39
Q

Shoulder abduction is assessing which nerve root(s) and peripheral nerve?

A

C5 - axillary

40
Q

What is/are the role(s) of CN X?

A

Special sensory - taste to epiglottis and pharynx Sensation - lots of areas of the head/neck/viscera Motor - muscles of the pharynx and larynx Parasympathetics - heart, lungs and upper 2/3rds of gastric system Visceral afferents - aortic arch chemoreceptors and baroreceptors

41
Q

What is/are the role(s) of CN I?

A

Special sensory - olfaction

42
Q

What type of lesion will cause a forehead sparing facial nerve palsy?

A

UMN lesion e.g. stroke

43
Q

Elbow flexion is assessing which nerve root(s) and peripheral nerve?

A

C5/6 - musculocutaneous

44
Q

Finger flexion is assessing which nerve root(s) and peripheral nerve?

A

C8 - median and ulnar

45
Q

What is pronator drift assessing for?

A

Subtle upper motor neurone lesion

46
Q

What is/are the role(s) of CN II?

A

Special sensory - vision

47
Q

What is/are the role(s) of CN VII?

A

Sensory - external auditory meatus and anterior 2/3rds of tongue Motor - muscles of facial expression and stapedius Parasympathetic - lacrimal and submandibular/submental glands

48
Q

Finger extension is assessing which nerve root(s) and peripheral nerve?

A

C7 - radial

49
Q

What is/are the role(s) of CN VIII?

A

Special sensory - audition and proprioception

50
Q

What happens to tone in an extrapyramidal lesion?

A

Increased (rigid)

51
Q

What is/are the role(s) of CN XII?

A

Motor - tongue muscles

52
Q

What happens to tone in a LMN lesion?

A

Normal or reduced

53
Q

What happens to reflexes in a LMN lesion?

A

Reduced

54
Q

What is/are the role(s) of CN IX?

A

Sensory - external auditory meatus and middle ear, pharynx and posterior 1/3rd of the tongue Special sensory - taste to the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue Motor - stylopharyngeus Parasympathetics - parotid gland Visceral afferents - to carotid sinus/body baroreceptors and chemoreceptors

55
Q

What is/are the role(s) of CN IV?

A

Motor - movement of eye muscle (SO)

56
Q

Which nerve roots are you testing with the knee jerk?

A

L3/4

57
Q

What is/are the role(s) of CN XI?

A

Motor - trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

58
Q

What are some specific symptoms you should ask about when taking a headache history?

A

Nausea/vomiting, photo/phonophobia, neck stiffness, rashes, neurological deficits

59
Q

What happens to tone in an UMN lesion?

A

Increased (spastic)

60
Q

Which nerve roots are you testing with the biceps jerk?

A

C5/6

61
Q

Ankle plantarflexion is assessing which nerve root(s) and peripheral nerve?

A

S1 - tibial

62
Q

Getting a patient to open their jaw against resistance tests the strength of which muscles?

A

Pterygoid

63
Q

Where do you test sensation for the S1 nerve root?

A

Lateral heel

64
Q

What are some red flag symptoms you should ask about in a neuro history?

A

Headaches, fits/faints, changes in vision, motor/sensory deficits, memory changes

65
Q

Where do you test sensation for the L2 nerve root?

A

Antero-medial mid-thigh

66
Q

What additional special tests would likely be useful as part of a lower limb neurological exam?

A

Straight leg raise and femoral stretch test

67
Q

How should visual acuity be recorded?

A

6 over the number of the smallest line they can read

68
Q

What happens to tone in a cerebellar lesion?

A

Reduced

69
Q

If there is unilateral vagus nerve pathology, in what direction will the uvula be deviated?

A

Away from the affected side

70
Q

What are the 5 ways of testing CN II?

A

Visual acuity, visual fields, colour vision, reflexes, fundoscopy

71
Q

Which nerve roots are you testing with the triceps jerk?

A

C7

72
Q

Where do you test sensation for the C7 nerve root?

A

Tip of middle finger

73
Q

Which nerve roots are you testing with the ankle jerk?

A

S1

OSCE (14 decks)

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