neuro Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
dorsal roots control
A
sensory
2
Q
ventral roots control
A
motor
3
Q
alar plate becomes
A
dorsal
4
Q
basal plate becomes
A
ventral
5
Q
amniotic fluid testfor neural tube defects
A
elevated AFP and AChE
6
Q
meningocele
A
meneges (but not cord) herniate through spinal canal defect
7
Q
meningomyelocele
A
meninges and spinal cord herniate through spinal canal defect
8
Q
significant cerebellar tonsillar and vermian herniation through foramen magnum with stenosis and hydrocephalus
A
arnold-Chari malformation
9
Q
agenesis of cerebellar vermis with cystic enlargement of 4th ventricle
A
dandy-walker
10
Q
cystic enlargement of central canal of spinal cord
A
syringomyelia
11
Q
sx of syringomyelia
A
cape-like loss of bilateral loss of pain and temp sensation in upper extremities
12
Q
motor innervation of tounge
A
XII
13
Q
sensation of tounge, front to back
A
V3, IX in very back
14
Q
taste of tounge, front to back
A
VII, to IX in very back
15
Q
degeneration of injured axon distal to injury and retraction proximally
A
wallerian degeneration
16
Q
astrocyte marker
A
GFAP
17
Q
use of astrocytes
A
physical support, repair, K+ metabolism, maintain of BBB
18
Q
CNS phagocytes
A
microglia
19
Q
HIV effect on microglia
A
fuse them to form multinucleated giant cells
20
Q
makes myelin
A
CNS - oligodendrocytes
PNS - Schwann cells
21
Q
cells destroyed in MS
A
oligodenroglia
22
Q
cells destroyed in GB
A
schwann cells
23
Q
pain and temp nerve endings
A
free nerve endings (C and alpha fibers)
24
Q
fine/light touch, position sense receptors
A
meissner’s (large mylenated fibers)
25
vibration/pressure sense receptors
pacinian (large mylenated fibers)
26
pressure, deep touch
merkel's (large mylenated fibers)
27
NE synthesised in the
locus cereleus
28
dopamine synthesised in the
ventral tegemtum and midbrain
29
5-HT synthesised in the
rephe nucleus of Pons
30
Ach synthesised in the
basal nucelus of meynert
31
GABA synthesised in the
nucleus accumbens
32
forms BBB
tight junctions between nonfenestrated capillary endothelial cells
basement membranes
astrocyte foot processes
33
type of molecule that can cross BBB
nonpolar/lipid solulabe
34
makes ADH
supraoptic nucleus of hypothalmus
35
makes oxytocin
paraventricular nucleus
36
area if hypothalmus controlling hunger
lateral area
37
area if hypothalmus controlling saiety
ventromedial
38
area if hypothalmus controlling cooling/PNS
anterior (A/C anterior cooling)
39
area if hypothalmus controlling heating/ANS
posterior
40
area of thalmus controlling body sensation
VPL
41
area of thalmus controlling facial sensation
VPM (Makeup)
42
area of thalmus controlling vision
:LGN (light)
43
area of thalmus controlling hearing
MGN (music)
44
area of thalmus controlling motor
area of thalmus controlling
45
input to MGN
superior olive and inferior colliculus of tectum
46
input to cerebellum
contralateral cortex via middle peduncle
ipsilateral prioperceptve info via inferior peduncle (from climbing and mossy fibres)
47
output from cerebellum
to contralateral cortex to modulate movement
48
lateral cerebellum controls
voluntary extremety movement
49
medial cerebellum controls
balance and trunk coordination
50
pathway facilitating movement in basal ganglia
direct
51
pathway inhibiting movement in basal ganglia
indirect
52
basal ganglia nucleus from lateral to medial
putamen, GPe, Gpi, STN
53
lewy bodies found in
parkinson's
54
comprises lewy bodies
a-synnuclein
55
NTs lost in huntington's
ACh and GABA in
56
sudden wild flailling in one arm and possibly ipilateral leg
hemiballismus
57
lesion causing hemiballimus
contralateral STN
58
lesion causing chorea
BG (putamen)
59
intention tremor caused by lesion of
cerebellum
60
broca's is in the front or back?
front
61
lesion of amygdala causes
kluver bucy (hyper sexm hyperoral, disinhibited behavior)
62
lesion right parietel lobe causes
hemispatial neglect in left
63
lesion in RAS casues
reduced arousal and wakefullness
64
lesion in STN causes
contralateral hemibalismus
65
lesion in hippocampus causes
anterograde amnesioa
66
lesion in PPRF casues
eyes look away from side of lesion
67
lesion in frontal eye fields cause
eyes to look toward lesion
68
too rapid hypanatriemua correction can cause
contral pontine myelanolysis
69
conduction aphasia
poor repetition -damage to arcuate fasiculus
70
MCA stroke sx
motor - contralateral paralysis of upper limb and face
Sensory - contrlateral loss of sensation of upper limb and face
termporal - aphasia (dominant)/hemineglect (nondominant - usally right)
71
ACA stroke sx
contralateral loss of sensation or paralysis on lower limb
72
lateral striate artery (common in hypertension)
contralateral hemiplegia/hemiparesis
73
ASA stroke sx
(medial medullary syndrome)
contralateral hemiplegia/hemiparesis
loss of contralateral proprioception
ipsilateral hypoglossal dysfunction
74
PICA stroke sx
lateral medullary syndomr
| loss of pain and temp to limbs and face, dysphagia, horseness, ipsilateral horner's, ataxia
75
AICA stroke sx
lateral pontine syndrome
(vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus, ipsilateral loss of hearing, loss of corneal reflex
FACIAL DROOP
76
PCA stroke sx
contralateral heminopia with macular sparing
77
anterior communication artery stroke sx
visual field defects (usally anyrusms, not strokes)
78
posterior communicationg artery streoke sx
CN III palsy (eye down and out, ptosis and pupil dilation)
79
most common site for berry aneurysm
bifurcation of ACA
80
dural venous sinuses drain into
internal jugular
81
sx of normal pressure hydrocephalus
urinary incontenince, ataxia, cognitive dysfunction
82
level to do LP
L3 to L5
83
anterior spinothalamic tract contros
crude touch - pressure
84
lateral corticospinal tract controls
voluntary motor
85
dorsalcolumns control
pressure, vibration, touch, priopercetion
86
lateral spinothalmic tracts control
pain, temp
87
intermediate horn sympathetics levels
T1-L2/L3
88
brown sequard syndrome sx
ipsilateral loss of tactile, vibration, below lesion
contralateral loss of pain and temp below lesion
ipsilateral loss of sensation and LMN signs AT level of lesion
89
brown sequard syndrome level that may present eith horners
T1
90
Horner's triad
ptosis, anhidrosis, miosis
91
nipple dermatome
T4
92
umbillicus dermatome
T10
93
biceps nerve root
C5
94
triceps nerve root
C7
95
patella nerve root
L4
96
achilles nerve root
S1
97
babinski sign
+ is dorsiflexion of big toe and fanning of others - sign of UMN lesion
98
conjugate gaze center
superior coliculli
99
audtory center
inferior colliculi
100
midbrain nuclei
III, IV
101
pons nuclei
V, VI, VII, VIII
102
medulla nuclei
XI, X, XII
103
spinal cord nuclieo
XI
104
afferent/efferent corneal reflux
V1/VII
105
afferent/efferent lacrimation
V1/VII
106
afferent/efferentjaw jerk
V3/V3
107
motor inervation to masseter
V3
108
afferent/efferent pulillary reflex
II/III
109
afferent/efferent gag reflex
IX, X
110
nucleus solitarious nerves
VII, IX, X
111
nuceu ambiguus nerves
IX, X (motor innercation to pharynx, larynx, and esophagus)
112
dorsal motor nucleu nerves
X
113
travel through cavernous sinus
III, IV, V1/2, VI and postganglionic SNS fibers. Also internal carotid
114
sx of cranial nerves toward lesion
V, XII
115
sx of cranial nerves away from lesion
X, XI
116
sx of UMN facial lesion
contralateral paralysis of lower face
117
sx of LMN facial lesion
ipsilateral paralysis of upper and lower face
118
dxs that can cause facial nerve palsy
AIDS, lyme dx, herpes, sarcoidosis, tumors and diabetes
119
idopathic facial nerve palsy
Bell's
120
mastication muscles
masseter, temporalis, medial ptyeragoid
121
inverates mastication muscles
V3
122
sx of central retinal atery occlusion
acute painless monocular vision - retinal whiting with cherry red spot
123
chronic glaucoma type
open angle (more comoon)
124
glaucoma that can come on suddenly
closed angle
125
what NOT to give in acute closed angle glaucoma
epi
126
innervates lateral rectus
CN VI (damage is medially drected eye that cannot abduct)
127
innervates superior oblique
CN IV (damage is "problems going down stairs")
128
innervates most eye muscles
III (damage is eye down and out, ptosis, pupillary dialation and loss of accomidation)
129
tx for dry macular degeneration
multivitamin and antioxidants
130
tx for wet macular degeneration
anti-VEGF
131
tracts that allow for eyes to move in same direction
Medial longitudinal fasiculus (MLF)
