Neuro

Question 1

Acute management of migraines

Answer 1

Sumatriptan

Question 2

Prophylactic management of migraine

Answer 2

Propanolol

Question 3

treatment of dyskinesia in parkinsons

Answer 3

amantadine

Question 4

damage to the 6th nerve causes which loss of function

Answer 4

weakness in abduction

Question 5

oculomotor nerve findings-(3)

Answer 5

• down and out position
• mydriasis(pupil dilation)
• ptosis

Question 6

diplopia when coming downstairs- contralateral side. which nerve and which damage

Answer 6

trochlear nerve

superior oblique muscle- affected by injury

Question 7

pregnancy safe anti-epileptic

Answer 7

carbamazepine

Question 8

common side effect of sodium valproate

Answer 8

weight gain

Question 9

webers lateralises to the left- sensorineural or conductive

Answer 9

sensorineural

rinnes is conductive and when positive, it is normal. which means the deficit is sensorineural

Question 10

when to stop taking anti-epileptics with regards to pregnancy

Answer 10

stop if fit free for 24 months

Question 11

Drawing up of legs, infantile spasms
Associated with maternal asphyxia
3-8 months old

Answer 11

West’s syndrome

Question 12

persistent cough, dyspnoea, ankle swelling, and abdominal tenderness, pulmonary fibrosis -has parkinsons- which drug

Answer 12

bromocriptine

Question 13

procyclidine hydrochloride side effects(similar to ace inhibitor side effects)

Answer 13

confusion, agitation and sleeplessness.
dilated pupils-unreactive to light
tachycardia
auditory and visual hallucinations

Question 14

non alcoholic cause of acute wernickes encephalopathy

Answer 14

bariatric surgery

Question 15

wasting of dorsal interosseous,abductor digiti minimi muscles, and the first dorsal interosseous muscle between the index finger and thumb

Answer 15

ulnar nerve lesion

Question 16

loss of dorsiflexion, loss of eversion,loss of sensation in lateral aspects of the leg

Answer 16

common peroneal nerve(damage to the fibula damages this nerve)

Question 17

saturday night palsy symptoms

Answer 17

numbness in the back of hand, wrist and finger drop- affected by upper arm compression as the radial nerve winds around the humerus.

Question 18

radiculopathy causes(3)

Answer 18

• whiplash injury
• tumours
• herpes zoster infection

Question 19

define radiculopathy

Answer 19

specific dermatome affected-pain/paraesthesia

Question 20

acute close angle glaucoma

Answer 20

• increase in intraocular pressure

- symptoms- sudden onset left eye pain after walking into a darkened room- semi dilated pupil

Question 21

management of cluster headaches

Answer 21

acute- oxygen+ sumatriptan

chronic- verapamil

Question 22

causes of ataxia

Answer 22

cerebellar lesion
proprioceptive loss
hypothyroidism-reversible

Question 23

define focal dystonia

Answer 23

involuntary muscle contractions, abnormal postures

Question 24

Menieres disease triad

Answer 24

tinnitus, vertigo and senorineural hearing loss+- aural fullness

Question 25

brown sequard syndrome symptoms

Answer 25

ipsilateral weakness, loss of proprioception, and vibration sensation Contralateral pain and temperature loss

Question 26

most common cause of stroke in children

Answer 26

sickle-cell anaemia(watch out for african history) | can be precipitated by infection, dehydration, cold temperatures, exertion or ischaemia

Question 27

what shortens duration and severity of relapse in MS

Answer 27

Methylprednisolone(500-1g)

Question 28

what reduces rate of relapse in MS

Answer 28

DMARDS- interferon, Natalizumab

Question 29

prochlorperazine- MOA , key side effect name

Answer 29

- dopamine blocker | - drug induced parkinsonism

Question 30

Risk factors for Bells palsy

Answer 30

- HSV - VZV - DM - acute coryza - pregnancy

Question 31

untreated HIV +ve person with tuberculosis - not sticking with treatment

Answer 31

tuberculoma

Question 32

neurofibromatosis type 2 - inheritance pattern | - most common tumours

Answer 32

- autosommal dominant | - acoustic neuromas

Question 33

riluzole - what is it - when is it use - why is used

Answer 33

- glutamate antagonist - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - prolong time to ventilation and tracheostomy by 3 months

Question 34

urgent MRI scans red flags back pain

Answer 34

- <20 >55 - patients with increasing pain - patients with loss of sensation in more than one dermatome or weakness in more than one myotome

Question 35

most common inherited neurological disorder

Answer 35

charcot marie tooth syndrome(clumsy, often falls, pes cavus , inverted champagne bottle calves)

Question 36

management options of myasthenia gravis

Answer 36

medical: pyridostigmine(prolongs the action of acetylcholine at the NMJ), azathioprine, corticosteroids and plasma exchange Surgical: thymectomy

Question 37

emg shows fibrillation/fasciculation- what to suspect

Answer 37

motor neuron disease

Question 38

Neurofibromatosis type 1 features

Answer 38

- dermal neuro fibromas-cafe au lait spots - lisch nodules(iris) - malignant brain tumours-(often astrocytomas of the optic nerve) - mild learning disability