Pre exam flashcards

Question 1

Beta blocker side effects

Answer 1

• Bronchospasm
• Fatigue
• Cold peripheries

Question 2

Cephalohaematoma vs Caput Succadeneum

Answer 2

Cephalo- associated with instrument deliveries, does not cross suture lines
Caput - prolonged labour and resolve ina couple of days

Question 3

lorazepam key side effect

Answer 3

anterograde amnesia

Question 4

ciprofloxacin and epilepsy

Answer 4

can reduce seizure threshold

Question 5

Patau Syndrome

Answer 5

Microcephalic,small eyes, cleft lip, polydactyly, scalp lesions

Question 6

Edwards Syndrome(Trisome 18)

Answer 6

Micrognathia(small Jaw),Low set ears,rocker bottom feet, overlapping fingers

Question 7

Fragile X

Answer 7

Learning difficulties, Long face, long ears, Macro-orchidism, macroorchidism

Question 8

Pierre-Robin syndrome

Answer 8

Micrognathia, Posterior displacement of tongue, cleft lip

sounds very french symptoms.

Question 9

Prader Willi

Answer 9

Hypotonia, Hypogonadism,Obesity

Question 10

Williams syndrome

Answer 10

Short stature, Learning difficulties, Friendly extrovert, Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis

Question 11

avoid oxybutynin in elderly because

Answer 11

increased risk of falls

Question 12

Furunculosis

Answer 12

infection hair follicle, staph infection, pain exacerbated by pressure on tragus or movement of the pinna

Question 13

Rotator cuff tear

Answer 13

crepitus over subacromial area. , x-ray bony avulsion, MOI:hyperabduction/hyperextension

Question 14

Gingival hyperplasia drugs

Answer 14

Ciclosporin, Ca Channel drugs, ciclosporin

Question 15

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 15

LH is depressed, normal ESR, hypokalaemia, raised cortisol and growth hormone

Question 16

Friebergs

Answer 16

12-15y, girls, pain on wt bearing

Question 17

Splenectomy risk of which bacterial infections

Answer 17

encapsulated- SHiN SKiS)- Strep pneumo, Haemophilus influenza, Neisseria meningitidis. GBs, Klebsiella, Salmonella Typhi

Question 18

Pinna cellulitis vs Pinna perichondritis

Answer 18

Cellulits does not spare the ear lobe- perichondritis does.

Question 19

Stress fracture

Answer 19

army man , tender lump on dorsum of foot

Question 20

Maisonneuve fracture

Answer 20

spiral fracture of proximal fibula and associated fracture of medial malleolus.

Question 21

Quincy-

Answer 21

usual causative organism is strep pyogenes. Can spread to neck tissue and cause nec fasc

Question 22

COPD management

Answer 22

NICE approach- asthma steroid responsive or not- steroid responsive- LABA+ ICS, non steroid responsive- LABA+LAMA

Question 23

Erysipelas

Answer 23

common cause is strep pyogenes-

Question 24

Subclinical hypothyroidism

Answer 24

high TSH, normal T4- need to repeat in 3 months to confirm diagnosis and start thyroxine if TSH>10, autoimmune profile, previous graves

Question 25

Lymphogranuloma venereum

Answer 25

painless genital ulcers with lymphadenopathy

Question 26

Haemophilus Ducreyi

Answer 26

painful genital ulcers.

Question 27

Acute haemolytic transfusion reaction

Answer 27

fever, chills, flushing, nausea , chest tightness after a small amount of blood is transfused- usuallly abo incompatibility

Question 28

Acromegaly

Answer 28

causes bilateral carpal tunnel

Question 29

Nitrofurantoin, Amiodarone, Methotrexate, bleomycin

Answer 29

Drug induced pulmonary fibrosis

Question 30

anti mitochondrial-management- ursodeoxycholic acid-improves symptoms reduce progression, Itching- cholestyramine

Answer 30

Primary biliary cirrhosis antibody

Question 31

Anticentromere-

Answer 31

CREST syndrome

Question 32

demeclocycline, lithium,

Answer 32

Drugs that cause nephrogenic diabetes insipiduS

Question 33

Management of nephrogenic diabetes insipidu

Answer 33

thiazide diuretics, large dose desmopressin, NSAIDs- indomethacin

Question 34

Drugs that cause gynaecomastia:

Answer 34

Digoxin, ketoconazole, spironolactone, Cimetidine, finasteride

Question 35

no of times getting pregnant

Answer 35

Gravida

Question 36

disturbance of renal tubular transport. Leads to aminoaciduria, glycosuria, phosphaturia , RICKETS(leg bowing, frontal bossing)- keyword cystinosis

Answer 36

Fanconi Syndrome

Question 37

rubbery subcutaneous swelling that appears on the lateral aspect of the eyebrow

Answer 37

Dermoid Cyst

Question 38

mobile subcutaneous lump that fluctuates in size and has a defined punctum

Answer 38

Sebaceous cyst

Question 39

SSRI for obese people

Answer 39

Fluoxetine

Question 40

Liver pathology with dry eyes(sicca syndrome)

Answer 40

primary biliary cirrhosis

Question 41

Type I - Anaphylactic

Answer 41

* Anaphylaxis | * Atopy (e.g. asthma, eczema and hayfever)

Question 42

Type II - Cell bound

Answer 42

* Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia * ITP * Goodpasture's syndrome * Pernicious anaemia * Acute haemolytic transfusion reactions * Rheumatic fever * Pemphigus vulgaris / bullous pemphigoid

Question 43

Type III - Immune complex

Answer 43

* Serum sickness * Systemic lupus erythematosus * Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis * Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (especially acute phase)

Question 44

Type IV - Delayed hypersensitivity

Answer 44

* Tuberculosis / tuberculin skin reaction * Graft versus host disease * Allergic contact dermatitis * Scabies * Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (especially chronic phase) * Multiple sclerosis * Guillain-Barre syndrome

Question 45

thiazide diuretics - effect on calcium

Answer 45

decrease ca secretion in kidneys - hypercalcaemia

Question 46

behcets vs buergers

Answer 46

Behcets triad- oral ulcers, genital ulcers and anterior uveitis buergers- thromboangitis obliterans

Question 47

causes of livedo reticularis

Answer 47

RA, sle, Polyarteritis nodosa, polymyositis, raynauds

Question 48

earliest sign of diabetic retinopathy

Answer 48

microaneuyrsm