neuro chapter 5

Question 1

What did Hans Selye believe about stress?

Answer 1

He believed it was all associated with glucocorticoids

Stress was short term adaptation before going back to homeostasis

Question 2

What was Hans Selye’s main contribution to stress research?

Answer 2

He found that physical and psychological stress worked through the same system

Question 3

What is the HPA axis?

Answer 3

The hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis

Question 4

What role does the hypothalamus play in the HPA axis

Answer 4

the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus contains corticotropin releasing hormone

Question 5

What role does the anterior pituitary play in the HPA axis

Answer 5

Contains adrenocorticotropic hormone aka corticotropin

Question 6

What role does the adrenal cortex play in the HPA axis

Answer 6

it is responsible for glucocorticoids

Question 7

Fast negative feedback in the HPA axis comes from

Answer 7

inhibition of corticotropin release factor from the paraventricular nucleus

Question 8

Slow negative feedback in the HPA axis comes from

Answer 8

inhibition of ACTH gene transcription (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

Question 9

What structures inhibit the HPA axis?

Answer 9

hypothalamus, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex

Question 10

What structures excite the HPA axis?

Answer 10

The amygdala

Question 11

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are synthesized in the…

Answer 11

adrenal medulla

Question 12

Corticosteroids are synthesized in the

Answer 12

Adrenal cortex

Question 13

Phenylalanine is converted into…

Answer 13

L-dopa to dopamine to norepinephrine to epinephrine

Question 14

Testosterone and progesterone

Answer 14

reduce stress response

Question 15

Estrogens

Answer 15

potentiate the stress response

Question 16

What is the common sense view of emotion?

Answer 16

Stimulus leads to emotion which leads to body response

Question 17

What is the James-lang theory of emotion?

Answer 17

Stimulus leads to response which leads to emotion

Question 18

What is the cannon bard theory of emotion?

Answer 18

Stimulus leads to both the response and emotion at the same time

Question 19

What is the modern biopsychological view of emotion?

Answer 19

The stimulus, emotion, and response all interact with eachother

Question 20

What is kluver-bucy syndrome?

Answer 20

a cerebral neurological disorder caused by bilateral amygdala damage

leads to memory loss, sexual behavior, placidity

Question 21

What are the 6 primary emotions?

Answer 21

Surprise, anger, sadness, disgust, fear, happiness

Question 22

What are the 3 new primary emotions?

Answer 22

Pride, embarrassment, contempt

Question 23

What is the system that controls emotion in our faces

Answer 23

THE EMFACS emotional faces action coding system

Question 24

What do the orbicularis oculi and zygomaticus muscles control?

Answer 24

Smiling

Question 25

What does the corrugator muscle control?

Answer 25

Frowning in anger (above eyes)

Question 26

What does the levator muscle control?

Answer 26

Disgust (lifts upper lip)

Question 27

What is the facial feedback hypothesis?

Answer 27

The severity of the emotion we feel is based on the expressions we make

Question 28

What was wrong with the power pose study?

Answer 28

It relies mostly on subjective results, not a lot of physiological markets

Question 29

What are micro expressions?

Answer 29

Brief facial emotions that reveal true emotions

Question 30

The duchenne smile...

Answer 30

is genuine because it uses eyes and mouth

Question 31

The pan-am smile is fake because...

Answer 31

it is mouth only smile, eyes remain neutral

Question 32

What are the 2 catagories of interspecific aggression?

Answer 32

Offensive (predatory) and defensive (antipredatory)

Question 33

What are the 3 subcatagories of intraspecific offensive aggression?

Answer 33

Competitive Territorial Dominance

Question 34

What are the 2 subcatagories of intraspecific defensive aggression?

Answer 34

Maternal and subordination

Question 35

What did konrad lorenz believe of agression?

Answer 35

Aggression is inevitable and people look for outlets

Question 36

What did konrad lorenz fail to acknowledge in his aggression theory?

Answer 36

That consequences of actions affect future actions

Question 37

Instrumental aggression is ____ and involves the ____

Answer 37

is premeditated and involves the prefrontal cortex

Question 38

Impulsive aggression requires _____ and involves the _____

Answer 38

requires arousal and involves the limbic system

Question 39

Aggression in adolescence shifts from limbic to prefrontal cortical meaning...

Answer 39

it becomes less impulsive

Question 40

How does serotonin influence aggression?

Answer 40

Higher serotonin reduces aggressive behavior

Question 41

What does monoamine oxidase A do?

Answer 41

It degrades norep, serotonin, and dopamine after reuptake

Question 42

What does DAT do?

Answer 42

Dopamine transporter, helps with dopamine reuptake

Question 43

MAO-A can present itself in 2 types, high and low. Males with MAO-A low show

Answer 43

higher rates of aggression than males with monoamine oxidase A - low

Question 44

What is important about the rhesus macaques and fear?

Answer 44

They can learn to fear something based on fear they observe in others

Question 45

What is thigmotaxis?

Answer 45

Wall following

Question 46

As a predatory threat approaches, neural activity switches from the...

Answer 46

forebrain to the mid brain

Question 47

The amygdala is responsible for...

Answer 47

Adding emotional significance to another stimulus

Question 48

information about conditioned and unconditioned fear stimulus converges in the

Answer 48

Lateral amygdala and the basal amygdala

Question 49

The hippocampus is responsible for the ____ of fear

Answer 49

memory of fear conditioning

Question 50

What is urbach wiethe disease?

Answer 50

casued by calcification of the amygdala. cant show or regognize fear emotions