Neuro I

Question 1

neuro embryo

Answer 1

notochord - induce ectoderm to become neuroectoderm and neural plate
-neural plate divide to neural tube and neural crest

Question 2

notochord

Answer 2

nucleus pulposus

Question 3

alar and basal plate

Answer 3

alar - dorsal - sensory

basal - ventral - motor

Question 4

brain region embryo

Answer 4

prosencephalon - telencephalon and diencephalon
mesencephalon - mesencephalon
rhombencephalon - metencephalon, myelencephalon

Question 5

telencephalon

Answer 5

CN I
cerebral hemisphere
lateral ventricle

Question 6

diencephalon

Answer 6

CN II
thalamus
third ventricle

Question 7

mesencephalon

Answer 7

CN III and CN IV - 3 and 4
midbrain
aqueduct

Question 8

metencephalon

Answer 8

CN V and VI - 5 and 6
pons and cerebellum
upper part fourth ventricle

Question 9

myelencephalon

Answer 9

CN VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII - 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
medulla
lower part fourth ventricle

Question 10

CN parts of brain

Answer 10

1-1-2-2-6

di, tel, mes, met, my

Question 11

neural crest

Answer 11

PNS neuron

schwann cells

Question 12

mesoderm

Answer 12

microglia - from mesoderm

Question 13

neuroectoerm

Answer 13

CNS neurons
ependymal cell- line ventricle and make CSF
oligodendroglia
astrocytes

Question 14

neural tube defect

Answer 14

elevated AFP and AChE in amniotic fluid

Question 15

spina bifida occulta

Answer 15

no herniation

• tuft of bair
• normal AFP

Question 16

meningocele

Answer 16

meninges through hernia

Question 17

meningomyelocele

Answer 17

meninges and neural tissue through hernia

Question 18

anencephaly

Answer 18

malformation anterior neural tube

no forebrain - open calvarium

high AFP and polyhydramnios

with DM I maternal

decreased risk - folate supps

Question 19

holoprosencephaly

Answer 19

failure R and L hemispheres separate

mutation - sonic hedgehog

moderate - cleft lip

in patau and fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 20

chiari II

Answer 20

herniation of cerebellar tonsils and vermis through foramen magnum

get aqueductal stenosis
-leads to hydrocephalus

with lumbosacral meningomyelocele

Question 21

dandy-walker

Answer 21

agenesis of cerebellar vermis
-cystic enlarged 4th venricle

fills posterior fossa

hydrcephalus and spina bifida

Question 22

syringomyelia

Answer 22

cystic cavity in spinal cord
-central canal - hydromyelia

cape like loss of pain and temp in upper extremities

association - chiari malformation, trauma, tumor

Question 23

chiari I

Answer 23

cerebellar tonsillar ectopia

asymptomatic in childhood

HA and cerebellar sx

Question 24

tongue innervation

Answer 24

sensory

• anterior 2/3 CN 5 - trigeminal - V3
• posterio 1/3 - CN 9 - glossopharyngeal
• root - CN 10 - vagus

taste

• anterior 2/3 - CN 7 - facial - chorda tympani
• posterior 1/3 - CN 9 - glossopharyngeal
• root - CN 10 - vagus
• to solitary nucleus

motor - CN 10 and 12
-10 - to palatoglossus - elevated posterior tongue when swallow

Question 25

anterior 2/3 tongue

Answer 25

branchial arch 1 and 2

Question 26

posterior 1/3 tongue

Answer 26

brachial arch 3 and 4

Question 27

nissl substance

Answer 27

RER of neuron

Question 28

astrocyte

Answer 28

K metabolism remove excess NT physical support repair reactive gliosis - injury response GFAP positive from neuroectoderm

Question 29

microglia

Answer 29

macros of CNS - mesoderm orogin HIV infection - fuse and form multinucleated giant cell of CNS

Question 30

oligodendrocyte

Answer 30

myelin of CNS many:1 fried egg histologically injured in MS, PML, and leukodystrophies

Question 31

schwann cells

Answer 31

myelin of PNS 1:1 neural crest origin cell of schwannoma injured in GBS

Question 32

free nerve endings

Answer 32

pain and temp C - slow unmyelinated fiber A-delta - fast myelinated fibers - to viscera

Question 33

meissner corpuscle

Answer 33

dynamic, fine light touch position sense large myelinated fiber adapt fast

Question 34

pacinian corpuscle

Answer 34

vibration and pressure large myelinated fiber adapt fast

Question 35

merkel disc

Answer 35

pressure deep static touch position sense large myelinated fiber adapt slow

Question 36

ruffini corpuscle

Answer 36

pressure slippage along skin joint angle change dendritic ending with capsule adapt slowly

Question 37

endoneurium

Answer 37

inflamed in GBS invest single nerve fiber layer

Question 38

perineurium

Answer 38

permeability barrier surround fascicle of nerve fibers need to rejoin during microsurgery

Question 39

epineurium

Answer 39

invest entire nerve - fascicles and blood vessels