neuro intro

Question 1

what is a neuron

Answer 1

electrically charged

Question 2

define membrane potential

Answer 2

difference in electrical charge between inside and outside of neuron

Question 3

what is an ion

Answer 3

salts of positive and negative charge

Question 4

what is the resting potential for a neuron

Answer 4

-70mV

Question 5

how permeable is a neuron membrane

Answer 5

semi permeable

Question 6

where is potassium located

Answer 6

inside the cell

Question 7

which ions ate located outside the cell

Answer 7

chlorine and sodium

Question 8

where are proteins located and why

Answer 8

inside the cell - too large

Question 9

what is a lipid bilayer not permeable to

Answer 9

ions

Question 10

how do ions travel though the bilayer

Answer 10

ion channels

Question 11

which 2 forces determine the distribution of ions

Answer 11

diffusion and electrostatic pressure

Question 12

what is the technical name for a cell membrane

Answer 12

neurolemma

Question 13

how many ions enter and leave a sodium pump and what chemical is needed

Answer 13

3 sodium for 2 potassium

atp needed

Question 14

name the 2 types of receptor

Answer 14

ionotrophic and metabotrophic

Question 15

what is epsp and what occurs

Answer 15

excitory post synaptic potential
depolarisation
increase chance of firing

Question 16

what is ipsp and what occurs

Answer 16

inhibitory post synaptic potential
hyperpolarisation
decrease chance of firing

Question 17

which ions move freely across the membrane

Answer 17

potassium and chlroine

Question 18

when is an action potential generated

Answer 18

changes large enough - would be positive occur at the axon hillock

Question 19

define spatial summation

Answer 19

several epsp arrive at axon hillock together

Question 20

define temporal summation

Answer 20

epsp created at same synapse in rapid succession to be summed

Question 21

what is the action potential refractory period

Answer 21

no neuron firing and no secondary ap would occur

Question 22

which are fast NT

Answer 22

glutamate
gaba
acetycholine

Question 23

what does myelin do

Answer 23

speed up axonal conduction

Question 24

how does the myelin signal move down the axon

Answer 24

jumps between nodes of ranvier

Question 25

what is saltory conduction

Answer 25

action potential in myelinated axons

Question 26

what are neuromodulators

Answer 26

seretonin dopamine noradrenaline

Question 27

what are neuropeptides

Answer 27

short amino acids

Question 28

name the 5 stages of synaptic transmission

Answer 28

``` manufacture storage release receptor activation inactivation and reuptake ```

Question 29

define exocytosis

Answer 29

process of neurotransmitters being released

Question 30

when do sodium channels open

Answer 30

depolarisation of neuron

Question 31

when do potassium channels open

Answer 31

repolarisation of neuron

Question 32

define orthodromic conduction

Answer 32

conduction from cell body to terminal buttons

Question 33

define antridromic conduction

Answer 33

conduction from axon to cell body

Question 34

define axodendritic synapse

Answer 34

terminate on dendrite spines

Question 35

define axosomatic synapse

Answer 35

terminate at axon terminal of soma