Emotion and the Amygdala

Question 1

define emotion

Answer 1

strong feelings / mood in relation to one’s circumstances

Question 2

state 6 basic emotions

Answer 2

joy
sad 
anger 
fear 
disgust 
surprise

Question 3

what does the facial feedback hypothesis suggest

Answer 3

putting a happy face on can make you feel better

Question 4

explain the james and lange theory of emotion

Answer 4

autonomic activity and behaviour is triggered by the event - cause emotion

Question 5

give an example of the theory of emotion according to james and lange

Answer 5

rapid heart rate and breathing produce feelings of emotion

Question 6

give an example of autonomic activity

Answer 6

eg. changes in heart rate or breathing rate

Question 7

what is cannon and bards theory of emotion

Answer 7

emotional expression and autonomic activity are parallel processes

Question 8

what is the difference between james and lange vs. cannon and bard theory of emotion

Answer 8

james and lnage believe emotional expression is dependent on feedback from autonomic nervous system
cannon and bard - emotional expression is independent from feedback of autonomic nervous system

Question 9

what is schachter theory of emotion

Answer 9

stimulus produces autonomic arousal which is then labelled as fear

Question 10

define polography

Answer 10

interogation process using autonomic nervous system of emotion to detect truthfulness of PP

Question 11

what sympathetic activity is asssociated with lying

Answer 11

lying is associated with higher sympathetic activation

Question 12

state the distinctions of emotional of ANS between james-lange and cannon and bard theory of emotion

Answer 12

james-lange = different emotional stimuli have differet patterns of ANS activity
cannon bard - all emotional stimuli have same pattern of ANS activity

Question 13

how is sham rage induced

Answer 13

removal of cerebral cortex

Question 14

what area of the brain has been removed in decorticate cats

Answer 14

cortex has been removed

Question 15

state characteristics of decorticate cats

Answer 15

1. angry
2. attack anything in sight
3. behaviour is not targeted

Question 16

which emotional expression is the hypothalamus essential for

Answer 16

expression of anger

Question 17

sham rage wont occur if this brain region is removed

Answer 17

hypothalamus

Question 18

why won’t sham rage occur if the hypothalamus is removed

Answer 18

the hypothalamus is essential to express anger, therefore connections to hypo are needed to elicit sham rage response

Question 19

what is another name for the limbic system

Answer 19

circuit of papez

Question 20

what key structures make up the limbic system

Answer 20

1. hippocampus
2. hypothalamus
3. amygdala

Question 21

what is another name for a voluntary smile

Answer 21

pap american smile

Question 22

what controls voluntary smiles

Answer 22

zygomaticus major

Question 23

what is another name for involuntary smiles

Answer 23

duchenne smile

Question 24

what controls involuntary smiles

Answer 24

orbicularis oculi - contracts unconciously

Question 25

what shape is the amygdala

Answer 25

almond shaped

Question 26

where is the amygdala located

Answer 26

tucked in medial temporal lobe

Question 27

which brain is removed to induce kluver bucy syndrome

Answer 27

amygdala

Question 28

state some symptoms that occur in kluver bucy syndrome

Answer 28

1. increased oral tendency 2. visual agnosia 3. reduced emotional reaction 4. hypersexuality 5. hyper metamorphisis

Question 29

why do monkeys who have kluver bucy syndrome no longer fear snakes

Answer 29

reduced emotional reaction - fear no longer expressed to snakes

Question 30

define hyper metamorphisis

Answer 30

can't control impulses and react to everything in sight

Question 31

how was fear conditioning induced in little albert

Answer 31

child conditioned that exposure to cuddly rabbit would cause fear

Question 32

which brain structure is involved in fear conditioning

Answer 32

hippocampus

Question 33

why won't fear conditioning if you lesion the amygdala

Answer 33

responses from the amygdala won't be elicited

Question 34

from which brain regions does auditory information input to the amygdala

Answer 34

auditory cortex | auditory thalamus

Question 35

which brain region elicits faster RT of auditory info to the amygdala and why

Answer 35

auditory thalamus has faster RT - older brain region and more evolutionary established

Question 36

which brain region has a key role in fear conditioning

Answer 36

hippocampus and medial geniculate nucleus

Question 37

what happens if you lesion medial geniculate nucleus

Answer 37

lesioning causes block of fear conditioning

Question 38

which process allows conditioning to occur

Answer 38

LTP

Question 39

which brain region did patient SP have removed

Answer 39

right amygdala

Question 40

what was the result of patient SP brain damage

Answer 40

could not describe fearful situations or expressions

Question 41

what was patient SP still able to do

Answer 41

no difficulty on tests of other emotions

Question 42

which disorder is associated with a larger aygdala

Answer 42

autism

Question 43

which disorder has lower volumes of activiation in amygdala

Answer 43

psychopaths

Question 44

what is the knock on impact of damage to frontal lobes

Answer 44

harder to get rid of a fear conditioned response

Question 45

explain why frontal lobe damage affects fear conditioning response

Answer 45

1. damage to frontal lobes - innate response of amygdala is to elicit fear response 2. unlearning process can't occur 3. the amygdala keeps projecting fear response

Question 46

where does the unlearning of information occur

Answer 46

frontal higher cog brain functions

Question 47

where would unlearning of information be projected

Answer 47

amygdala

Question 48

where are projections from the medial cortex projected to

Answer 48

amygdala

Question 49

what was the result of amygdala damage in humans

Answer 49

can't recognise fear in a story