neuro (L1)

Question 1

what makes up the Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 1

• Brain

* Spinal cord

Question 2

what makes up the brain

Answer 2

– cortex and subcortex

Question 3

what is the spinal cord housed in

Answer 3

– housed in the spinal column;

Question 4

describe how (aferent) sensory information enters the spinal cord

Answer 4

sensory information enters the CNS via the dorsal

portion of the spinal cord;

Question 5

describe how (efferent) motor information exits the spinal cord

Answer 5

motor commands exit the CNS via the ventral portion of the spinal
cord

Question 6

anterior in the CNS is also known as

Answer 6

anterior = rostral

Question 7

posterior in the CNS is also known as

Answer 7

posterior = caudal

Question 8

superior in the CNS is also known as

Answer 8

superior = dorsal

Question 9

inferior in the CNS is also known as

Answer 9

inferior = ventral

Question 10

what does lateral mean

Answer 10

• Lateral – toward the side

Question 11

what does medial mean

Answer 11

• Medial – toward the midline

Question 12

what does ipsilateral mean

Answer 12

• Ipsilateral – on the same side

Question 13

what does contralateral mean

Answer 13

• Contralateral – on the opposite side

Question 14

what are the terms for slices of the brain:

Answer 14

– Horizontal
– Coronal
– Sagittal
_ Axial is when it is not 100% horizontal it will be on a slight angle

Question 15

describe how the Cerebral Cortex is divided up into sections

Answer 15

Cerebral cortex is divided into two hemispheres (left and right).

Each hemisphere is divided into four lobes:
– frontal lobe
– parietal lobe
– occipital lobe
– temporal lobe

Insular cortex is hidden inside the
lateral sulcus.

Question 16

what does the longitudinal fissure separate

Answer 16

• Longitudinal Fissure – separates the two hemispheres

Question 17

what does the lateral sulcus separate

Answer 17

• Lateral Sulcus – separates the temporal

lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes

Question 18

what does the central sulcus separate

Answer 18

• Central Sulcus – separates the frontal and

parietal lobes

Question 19

describe the major gyri of the frontal lobe

Answer 19

• Frontal Lobe – 3 gyri (superior, middle,
inferior) run anterior-posterior, meeting
the precentral gyrus at the precentral
sulcus

Question 20

describe the major gyri of the temporal lobe

Answer 20

• Temporal Lobe – superior, middle, and

inferior gyri

Question 21

describe the major gyri and sulcus of the parietal lobe

Answer 21

• Parietal Lobe – postcentral gyrus;
intraparietal sulcus (IPS) separates the
superior and inferior portions of the
parietal lobe

Question 22

what is the corpus callosum

Answer 22

• Corpus Callosum – main fibre tract connecting the two cerebral hemispheres

Question 23

where is the cerebellum

Answer 23

• Cerebellum – large structure attached to the dorsal aspect of the brain stem

Helps to orientate you

Question 24

list some subcortical structures

Answer 24

thalamus and basal ganglia

Question 25

what are the main structures of the basal ganglia

Answer 25

• Basal Ganglia (main structures): 1. Caudate Nucleus (Goes from frontal lobe to temporal lobe, a C shaped structure) 2. Putamen 3. Globus Pallidus

Question 26

what are the structures in the brain stem

Answer 26

• Brain Stem Structures 1. Midbrain a. Superior Colliculi b. Inferior Colliculi 2. Pons 3. Medulla

Question 27

what is the ventricular system

Answer 27

• The ventricular system consists of inter-connected | cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Question 28

what are the major divisions of the ventricular system

Answer 28

– Lateral Ventricles (C structures) – IIIrd Ventricle – Cerebral Aqueduct – IVth Ventricle

Question 29

what is white matter

Answer 29

• White Matter – axons; myelin is white

Question 30

what is grey matter

Answer 30

• Grey Matter – cell bodies

Question 31

what is brodmann’s Map of the Cerebral Cortex

Answer 31

• Brodmann’s map is based on differences in the microscopic appearance of the cortex. therefore if you were talking about area 17 in the brain you could use this map to look and see what area they were talking about

Question 32

compare Gross Anatomy versus Scans

Answer 32

* For scans, left and right are reversed. | * This does not apply to gross anatomy

Question 33

in what cut of the brain would you see the corpus callosum

Answer 33

Mid sagittal cut

Question 34

how can you tell the difference between the posterior and anterior of the brain stem

Answer 34

the posterior is bumpy

Question 35

there are a lot of structures that come off the brain stem. what are these

Answer 35

white matter tracts