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SP16 Anatomy > Neuro L2 > Flashcards

Neuro L2 Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Epineurium
Prominent around
Provides ____
Continuous with

A

prominent around nerve trunks
Provides tensile strength
Continuous with Dura

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2
Q

Perineurium
Continuous with
___-_____ barrier

A

Continuous with arachnoid

Blood-nerve barrier

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3
Q

Endoneurium

Surrounds

A

surrounds individual fibers

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4
Q 
Myelin Covers up to \_\_mm of axon
Produced by (CNS vs PNS)
A

1mm
Oligodendroglia: CNS
Schwann cells: PNS

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5
Q

Saltatory conduction

A

Depolarization occurs at nodes in either direction

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6
Q 
Rank fiber diameter (largest to smallest)
Axons to Intrafusal fibers
Preganglionic autonomic
Lower motor neurons
Postganglioinc automic
A 
Lower motor neurons
Axons to intrafusal fibers
Preganglionic autonomic
Postganglionic autonomic (no myelin)
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7
Q

Nocireceptor

A

detects pain

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8
Q

Muscle spindles also act as this type of receptor

A

proprioreceptor

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9
Q

Two types of encapsulated receptors in muscle

Function

A

Muscle spindles: detect length

Golgi tendon organs: detect muscle tension

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10
Q

Conus medullaris

A

caudal end of spinal cord

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11
Q

Cervical enlargement level

A

C5-T1

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12
Q

Lumbar enlargement level

A

L2-S3

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13
Q

Segments of spinal cord

A 
Cervical: 8
Thoracic: 12
Lumbar: 5
Sacral: 5
Coccygeal: 1
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14
Q

Dorsal rootlets enter cord in

Ventral rootles exit cord in

A

Posterolateral sulcus

Anterolateral sulcus

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15
Q

Afferent fibers my terminate in ____ or _____

A

posterior horn or ascend to medulla

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16
Q

Motor neurons modulated by

A

descending fibers from rostral structures

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17
Q

Posterior intermediate sulcus
Levels
Divides what

A

C1-T5

divides posterior funiculi

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18
Q

Posterior intermediate sulcus separates

A

sensory fibers arising from
Fasciculus gracilis
Fasciculus cuneatus

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19
Q

Sensory fibers from the leg

A

fasciculus gracilis

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20
Q

Sensory fibers from the arm

A

fasciculus cuneatus

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21
Q

Spinal cord gray matter: posterior horn

Consist mostly of

A

interneurons

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22
Q

Substantia gelatinosa
Located in (number)
Responsible for

A

Located in posterior horn gray matter (II)

Responsible for pain and temperature

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23
Q

Lissauer’rs tract
Associated with
What is it

A

Associated with substantia gelatinosa

Finely myelinated and unmyelinated fibers

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24
Q

Lamina I

A

Relays sensory signals

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25
Lamina II
substantia gelatinosa (important for paint)
26
Lamina V
Relays sensory signals
27
Spinal cord gray matter posterior horn | What do they contain
contain Alpha/motor neurons that control skeletal muscle
28
Alpha motor neuron medial clusters go to
axial muscles
29
Alpha motor neuron lateral clusters go to
limb muscles
30
Two specialized columns in anterior horn gray matter at cervical levels
Spinal accessory nucleus | Phrenic nucleus
31
Spinal accessory nucleus location forms what nerve
Caudal medulla to C5 | Forms accessory nerve
32
Phrenic nucleus Innervates what Vertebral location
Innervates diaphragm | C3, C4, C5
33
Preganglionic sympathatic Neurons Level location Axons leave through
T1-L2 intermediolateral cell column (gray matter) Axons leave thru ventral roots
34
Sacral parasympathetic nuclei Level Location Axons leave thru____ to supply_____
S2-S4 No distinct horn Axons leave thru anterior roots and supply pelvic viscera
35
Clarke's nucleus Location Level
medial surface of intermediate gray matter from T1-L2
36
Clarke's nucleus | Function
transmit proprioceptive info from leg to cerebellum | anterior spinocerebellar?
37
Conus medullaris extends into
L1/L2 interspace
38
Filum terminale Contents Location
Pia and arachnoid that extend from conus medullaris to coccyx
39
Denticulate ligaments
pia-arachnoid extensions that anchor spinal cord laterally
40
How is the conus medullaris anchored
By the filum terminale to the end of the dural sheath and then to coccyx
41
All reflexes include (3-4 b/c of exception)
receptor Associated afferent neuron (cell body in DRG) Efferent neuron( cell body in CNS) Interneurons unless stretch reflex
42
Stretch reflex contains ____ neurons ____ synapses
2 neurons 1 synapse
43
Artery of Adamkiewicz Other name Level
Great radicular artery | T12
44
Artery of Adamkiewicz Most often branch of the Supplies
branch of left posterior intercostal artery | Supplies entire lumbosacral cord (sometimes)
45
Posterior spinal arteries supply (2)
posterior horns and dorsal columns
46
Anterior spinal arteries supply (2)
anterior horns and lateral funiculi
47
Spinal arteries upper vs lower supply
Supply upper cervical areas but are too small to supply other areas Supplemented by radicular arteries at lower levels
48
autonomic nervous system subdivisions
sympathetic parasympathetic enteric nervous system
49
Difference between Parasympathetic/Sympathetic efferents and somatic efferents
P/S has two neuron chain/dont: Preganglionic cell body in CNS Postganglionic neuron in ganglion
50
Preganglionic fibers vs postganglionic fibers | Myelin
Preganglionic: thin myelin Postganglionic: unmeylinated
51
Sympathetic ganglia vs parasympathetic ganglia
Sympathetic located near CNS | Parasympathetic located near innervated organ
52
Neurotransmitters in S/P
Ach used in parasympathetic and 1st sympathetic synapse | NE used in 2nd sympathetic synapse
53
Sympathetic travel vs parasympathetic travel
Sympathetic: travel in spinal nerve to sympathetic chain Parasympathetic: travel in cranial and sacral nerves
54
Cranial parasympathetics
``` Look at notes, Slides 61-65 III VII IX X ```
55
Edinger-Westhphal nucleus
Preganglionic parasympathetic nucleus for CN III to pupillary constrictor muscle
56
Sacral parasympathetic | Target tissues
Viscera from transverse colon to rectum including bladder
57
Vagus nerve organs (7)
``` heart lungs stomach iver pancreas small intestine large intestine ```
58
4 options for preganglionic fibers
Synapse in nearest ganglion Ascend chain, synapse in SCG or MCG? Descend, synapse in lumbar/sacral Traverse chain, emerge as splanchnic
59
What spinal levels contain white communicating rami?
T1-L2
60
Postganglionic sympathetics reach head via
cervical ganglia and carotid plexus
61
Horners syndrome Symptoms Caused by
``` Ptosis: eyelid droop Anhydrosis: dry skin Endophthalmos: apparent sunken eye Miosis: small pupil Caused by pancoast tumor ```
62
Only area with postganglionic sympathetic Ach
sweatglands
63
Preganglionic sympathetic neve boides project to (3)
Paravertebral chain Prevertebral collateral Adrenal medulla
64
This type of receptor can be found in the walls of hollow organs
mechanoreceptors
65
Carotid body is composed of these receptors
chemoreceptors
66
Each spinal nerve innervates one dermatome except for
C1
67
Filum terminale anchors _____ to _____ and then to _______
conus medullaris to end dural seath and then to coccyx
68
What is the nipple level
T4

SP16 Anatomy (11 decks)

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