Neurodevlopmental & Intellectual Disabilities (Ch 8)

Question 1

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Answer 1

Group of conditions with onset in developmental period (before birth)

Question 2

The range of developmental deficits

Answer 2

Very specific to global impairments

Question 3

Specific deficits

Answer 3

Usually in learning or control of executive function

Question 4

Global deficits

Answer 4

Of social skills or intelligence

Question 5

Co-occurring deficits

Answer 5

Happens at the same time

Question 6

Intellectual development disorder

Answer 6

Deficits in mental abilities
Impairments in adaptive function
Comes from acquired insult

Question 7

Communication disorders

Answer 7

Language disorder
Speech sound disorder
Social communication disorder
Child-onset fluency disorder

Question 8

Childhood-onset fluency disorder

Answer 8

Stutter
Disturbance of normal fluency, production of speech, repetition of sounds, prolonged consonants or vowels, broken words, blocking, pronounced words w/ excess physical tension

Question 9

Autism is characterized by

Answer 9

Deficits in social communication and social interaction

Question 10

Deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts may include:

Answer 10

Deficits in social reciprocity
Nonverbal communication for social interaction
Skills developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships

Question 11

Difficulty staying on task, not listening, losing materials at levels inconsistent with age or developmental level

Answer 11

Inattention and disorganization

Question 12

__________ is a neural developmental disorder defined by impairing what 3 levels?

Answer 12

ADHD

Inattention, Disorganization, Hyperactivity-impulsivity

Question 13

Overactivity, fidgeting, inability to stay seated, intruding into other people’s activities, and inability to wait are characteristics of what I aspire NT of ADHD?

Answer 13

Hyperactivity-impulsivity

Question 14

Neurodevelopmental disorder that persists into adulthood with impairments of social, academic, and occupational functioning

Answer 14

ADHD

Question 15

Types of Neurodevelopmental motor disorder

Answer 15

Developmental coordination disorders
Stereotypic movement disorder
Tic disorders
Tics

Question 16

This disorder is characterized by deficits in the acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills and is manifested by clumsiness and slowness or inaccuracy of performance of motor skills that cause interference with ADLs

Answer 16

Developmental coordination disorders

Question 17

Disorder diagnosed when an individual has repetitive, seemingly driven, and apparently purposeless motor behaviors (hand flapping, body rocking, head banging, self biting, hitting):

Answer 17

Stereotypic movement disorder

Question 18

Disorder with presence of motor or vocal tics

Answer 18

Tic disorders

Question 19

This disorder involves sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations

Answer 19

Tics

Question 20

Are tics just localized to motor?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

Tourette’s disorder, chronic/persistent motor or vocal tic disorder, provisional tic disorder, other specified tic disorder, and unspecified tic disorder are examples of what disorder?

Answer 21

Tic disorders

Question 22

Tic disorders are diagnosed by the defined

Answer 22

Duration
Presumed etiology
Clinical presentation

Question 23

Diagnosed when specific deficits in an individual’s ability to perceive or process information efficiently and accurately

Answer 23

Specific learning disorder

Question 24

Specific learning disorder is characterized by

Answer 24

persistent and impairing difficulties with learning foundational academic skills in reading, writing, and/or math

Question 25

Used to enrich the clinical description of the individual's clinical course and current symptomatology

Answer 25

Specifiers

Question 26

Specifiers are determined by

Answer 26

Age at onset Severity ratings Association with known medical or genetic condition or environmental factor

Question 27

Intellectual disability severity levels

Answer 27

Mild, moderate, severe, profound

Question 28

Intellectual disability severity covers what 3 domains?

Answer 28

Conceptual (academic) Social domain Practical domain

Question 29

Diagnostics features of intellectual disabilities

Answer 29

Function is typically measured with individually administered and psychometrically valid, comprehensive, culturally appropriate, psychometrically sound tests of intelligence

Question 30

Example of diagnostic tool for intellectual disabilities

Answer 30

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) — Most commonly used developmental test

Question 31

How many standard deviation does an individual with intellectual disability fall below the population mean

Answer 31

Individuals with intellectual disabilities have scores approximately two standard deviations or more below the population mean

Question 32

What are the 3 adaptive function domains?

Answer 32

Conceptual domain Social domain Practical domain

Question 33

This domain involves competence in memory, language, reading, writing, math reasoning, acquisition of practical knowledge, problem solving, and judgment in novel situations

Answer 33

Conceptual domain

Question 34

This domain addresses the awareness of others’ thoughts, feelings, and experiences; empathy; interpersonal communication skills; friendship abilities; and social judgment

Answer 34

Social domain

Question 35

This domains is directed towards learning and self-management across life settings, including personal care, job responsibilities, money management, recreation, self-management of behavior, and school/work task organization. (Basic ADL’s and IADL’s)

Answer 35

Practical domain

Question 36

Adaptive functioning is influenced by

Answer 36

Intellectual capacity Education Motivation Socialization Personality features Vocational opportunities Cultural experience Coexisting general medical conditions and mental disorders

Question 37

Genetic syndromes (gene mutations and chromosomal disorders), metabolism, brain malformations, maternal disease, environmental influences

Answer 37

Prenatal etiologies

Question 38

Genetic example of prenatal etiology

Answer 38

Turner syndrome

Question 39

Maternal example of prenatal etiology

Answer 39

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 40

Environmental influence example of prenatal etiology

Answer 40

TORCHES

Question 41

labor and delivery related events leading to neonatal encephalopathy

Answer 41

Perinatal

Question 42

Example of perinatal tellectual disability cause

Answer 42

Loss of O2

Question 43

hypoxic ischemic injury, traumatic brain injury, infections, demyelinating disorders, seizure disorders, severe and chronic social deprivation, and toxic metabolic syndromes and intoxications (mercury, lead, etc.)

Answer 43

Postnatal

Question 44

Who is more likely to be diagnosed with mild and severe forms of ID

Answer 44

Males

Question 45

Why might gender difference occur in ID?

Answer 45

Sex linked genetic factor and male vulnerability to brain insult

Question 46

When an individual fails to meet expected developmental milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning

Answer 46

Global developmental delay