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EMT > Neurological Emergencies > Flashcards

Neurological Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

The right side of the cerebrum controls what?

A

Left side of bosy

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2
Q

The left side of the cerebrum controls what?

A

The right side of the bidy

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3
Q

What does the front part of cerebrum control?

A

Emotions and thought

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4
Q

What does the middle part of the cerebrum control

A

Touch and movement

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5
Q

What does the back part of the cerebrum control?

A

Vision

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6
Q

Speech is controlled by what side of the cerebrum

A

Center left

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7
Q

What does AMS mean

A

Altered medical status

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8
Q

How can seizures occur (4)

A

–A recent or an old head injury
–A brain tumor
–A metabolic problem
–A genetic disposition

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9
Q

What four things does the brain stem control?

A

Breathing
Blood pressure
Swallowing
Pupil constriction

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10
Q

What does the cerebellum control

A

Motor skills:

Walking
Writing
Playing piano

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11
Q

What is the opening in the brain that connects to the spinal cord called?

A

Foremen magnum

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12
Q

What are the most common types if headaches?

A

Tension headaches

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13
Q

What are migraine headaches caused by

A

–Thought to be caused by changes in the blood vessel size in the base of the brain

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14
Q

What are sinus headaches caused by

A

–Caused by pressure that is the result of fluid accumulation in the sinus cavities

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15
Q

What is a stroke also called

A

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

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16
Q

What causes strokes

A

Interruption of blood flow to the brain

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17
Q

What are the two types of stroke

A

Ischemic (clotting)

hemorrhagic (not getting through cessles)

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18
Q

Which type of stroke is most common

A

Ischemic

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19
Q

What causes hemorrhagic stroke

A

Bleeding inside the brain

20
Q

Who are at the biggest risk for hemorrhagic strokes

A

People with very high blood pressure

21
Q

What is an aneurysm

A

Swelling or enlargement of an artery due to weakening of arterial wall

22
Q

When a hemorrhagic stroke happens in a health young person, what is it called

A

a berry aneurysm

23
Q

What is a transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

Normal processes in the body breaks up a clot in the brain
Called mini strokes
Precursor to something worse
This often indicates a serious medical condition that may prove fatal

24
Q

What are signs and symptoms of stroke

A
  • Facial drooping
  • Sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arm, leg, or one side of body
  • Loss of movement and sensation on one side of the body
  • Lack of muscle coordination (ataxia)
  • Sudden vision loss in one eye, blurred and double vision
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Decreased or increased level of responsiveness
  • Speech disorders (dysphasia)
  • Difficulty expressing thoughts or inability to speak or understand others
  • Slurred speech (dysarthria)
  • Decreased or absent movement in one or more extremities
  • Sudden and severe headache
  • Sudden loss of balance or trouble walking
  • Confusion
  • Dizziness
  • Weakness
  • Combativeness
  • Restlessness
  • Tongue deviation
  • Coma
25
Q

What is ataxia

A

Lack of muscle coordination

26
Q

Stroke in the left hemisphere may cause what?

A

Aphasia

Paralysis in the right side of the body

27
Q

What is aphasia

A

Inability to produce or understand speech

28
Q

Stroke on the right hemisphere may cause what?

A

Paralysis on the left side of bkdy

29
Q

What is hypoglycemia

A

Low blood sugar

30
Q

What is postictal state

A

Period following seizure that lasts between 5-30 mins

31
Q

What causes subdural and epidural bleeding

A

Blood near the skull presses on the brain

32
Q

What is epidural bleeding

A

Bleeding outside dura and under skull

33
Q

What is subdural bleeding

A

Bleeding under dura but outside skull

34
Q

What accounts for 30% of ems calls

A

Seizures

35
Q

What are generalized seizures (grande mal seizure)

A

•Typically characterized by unconsciousness and a generalized severe twitching of all muscles

36
Q

What are simple partial seizures

A

–No change in the patient’s level of consciousness
–May have numbness, weakness, dizziness, visual changes, or unusual smells/tastes
–May have some twitching or brief paralysis

37
Q

What are complex partial seizures

A

–Altered mental status
–Lip smacking, eye blinking, isolated jerking
–Uncontrollable fear

38
Q

What are tonic clonic seizures

A

•Characterized by sudden loss of consciousness, chaotic muscle movement and tone, and apnea
–Often preceded by an aura

39
Q

What happens in the tonic phase if tonic clonic seizures

A

Bilateral muscle rigidity

40
Q

What happens during the clonic phase during the tonic clonic seizures

A

Muscle contraction and reaction lasting 1-3 minutes

41
Q

What are absence seizures (petit mal)

A

Lasts for seconds

Patient fully recovers with a brief lapse of memory

42
Q

What is status epilepticus

A
  • Seizures lasting more than 5 minutes are likely to progress to status epilepticus.
  • Seizures that continue every few minutes without the person regaining consciousness or last longer than 30 minutes are referred to as status epilepticus.
43
Q

What does congenital mean?

A

Being born with soething

44
Q

What is a febrile seizure?

A

Seizure caused by Sudden high fever. Particularly in young children

45
Q

How can epileptic seizures be controlled?

A

Medications

46
Q

What are five things that can cause a metabolic seizure?

A

–Abnormal levels of certain blood chemicals
–Hypoglycemia
–Poisons
–Drug overdoses
–Sudden withdrawal from routine heavy alcohol or sedative drug use

EMT (30 decks)

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