Neurological Emergencies

Question 1

The right side of the cerebrum controls what?

Answer 1

Left side of bosy

Question 2

The left side of the cerebrum controls what?

Answer 2

The right side of the bidy

Question 3

What does the front part of cerebrum control?

Answer 3

Emotions and thought

Question 4

What does the middle part of the cerebrum control

Answer 4

Touch and movement

Question 5

What does the back part of the cerebrum control?

Answer 5

Vision

Question 6

Speech is controlled by what side of the cerebrum

Answer 6

Center left

Question 7

What does AMS mean

Answer 7

Altered medical status

Question 8

How can seizures occur (4)

Answer 8

–A recent or an old head injury
–A brain tumor
–A metabolic problem
–A genetic disposition

Question 9

What four things does the brain stem control?

Answer 9

Breathing
Blood pressure
Swallowing
Pupil constriction

Question 10

What does the cerebellum control

Answer 10

Motor skills:

Walking
Writing
Playing piano

Question 11

What is the opening in the brain that connects to the spinal cord called?

Answer 11

Foremen magnum

Question 12

What are the most common types if headaches?

Answer 12

Tension headaches

Question 13

What are migraine headaches caused by

Answer 13

–Thought to be caused by changes in the blood vessel size in the base of the brain

Question 14

What are sinus headaches caused by

Answer 14

–Caused by pressure that is the result of fluid accumulation in the sinus cavities

Question 15

What is a stroke also called

Answer 15

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Question 16

What causes strokes

Answer 16

Interruption of blood flow to the brain

Question 17

What are the two types of stroke

Answer 17

Ischemic (clotting)

hemorrhagic (not getting through cessles)

Question 18

Which type of stroke is most common

Answer 18

Ischemic

Question 19

What causes hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 19

Bleeding inside the brain

Question 20

Who are at the biggest risk for hemorrhagic strokes

Answer 20

People with very high blood pressure

Question 21

What is an aneurysm

Answer 21

Swelling or enlargement of an artery due to weakening of arterial wall

Question 22

When a hemorrhagic stroke happens in a health young person, what is it called

Answer 22

a berry aneurysm

Question 23

What is a transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Answer 23

Normal processes in the body breaks up a clot in the brain
Called mini strokes
Precursor to something worse
This often indicates a serious medical condition that may prove fatal

Question 24

What are signs and symptoms of stroke

Answer 24

• Facial drooping
• Sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arm, leg, or one side of body
• Loss of movement and sensation on one side of the body
• Lack of muscle coordination (ataxia)
• Sudden vision loss in one eye, blurred and double vision
• Difficulty swallowing
• Decreased or increased level of responsiveness
• Speech disorders (dysphasia)
• Difficulty expressing thoughts or inability to speak or understand others
• Slurred speech (dysarthria)
• Decreased or absent movement in one or more extremities
• Sudden and severe headache
• Sudden loss of balance or trouble walking
• Confusion
• Dizziness
• Weakness
• Combativeness
• Restlessness
• Tongue deviation
• Coma

Question 25

What is ataxia

Answer 25

Lack of muscle coordination

Question 26

Stroke in the left hemisphere may cause what?

Answer 26

Aphasia | Paralysis in the right side of the body

Question 27

What is aphasia

Answer 27

Inability to produce or understand speech

Question 28

Stroke on the right hemisphere may cause what?

Answer 28

Paralysis on the left side of bkdy

Question 29

What is hypoglycemia

Answer 29

Low blood sugar

Question 30

What is postictal state

Answer 30

Period following seizure that lasts between 5-30 mins

Question 31

What causes subdural and epidural bleeding

Answer 31

Blood near the skull presses on the brain

Question 32

What is epidural bleeding

Answer 32

Bleeding outside dura and under skull

Question 33

What is subdural bleeding

Answer 33

Bleeding under dura but outside skull

Question 34

What accounts for 30% of ems calls

Answer 34

Seizures

Question 35

What are generalized seizures (grande mal seizure)

Answer 35

•Typically characterized by unconsciousness and a generalized severe twitching of all muscles

Question 36

What are simple partial seizures

Answer 36

–No change in the patient’s level of consciousness –May have numbness, weakness, dizziness, visual changes, or unusual smells/tastes –May have some twitching or brief paralysis

Question 37

What are complex partial seizures

Answer 37

–Altered mental status –Lip smacking, eye blinking, isolated jerking –Uncontrollable fear

Question 38

What are tonic clonic seizures

Answer 38

•Characterized by sudden loss of consciousness, chaotic muscle movement and tone, and apnea –Often preceded by an aura

Question 39

What happens in the tonic phase if tonic clonic seizures

Answer 39

Bilateral muscle rigidity

Question 40

What happens during the clonic phase during the tonic clonic seizures

Answer 40

Muscle contraction and reaction lasting 1-3 minutes

Question 41

What are absence seizures (petit mal)

Answer 41

Lasts for seconds | Patient fully recovers with a brief lapse of memory

Question 42

What is status epilepticus

Answer 42

* Seizures lasting more than 5 minutes are likely to progress to status epilepticus. * Seizures that continue every few minutes without the person regaining consciousness or last longer than 30 minutes are referred to as status epilepticus.

Question 43

What does congenital mean?

Answer 43

Being born with soething

Question 44

What is a febrile seizure?

Answer 44

Seizure caused by Sudden high fever. Particularly in young children

Question 45

How can epileptic seizures be controlled?

Answer 45

Medications

Question 46

What are five things that can cause a metabolic seizure?

Answer 46

–Abnormal levels of certain blood chemicals –Hypoglycemia –Poisons –Drug overdoses –Sudden withdrawal from routine heavy alcohol or sedative drug use