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The Human Body Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the anatomical position?

A

Patient stands facing you, arms at side, palms forward.

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2
Q

What does bilateral mean?

A

Appears on both sides of the midline

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3
Q

Name five things the skeleton does?

A
  1. Gives human form
  2. Protects organs
  3. Produces red blood cells
  4. Stores calcium
  5. Allows movement
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4
Q

Name four things the skeletal system contains?

A

Bones
Ligaments
Tendons
Cartilage

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5
Q

What is the axial skeleton?

A

Foundation in which arms and legs are hung

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6
Q

What three things are included in the axial skeleton?

A

Skull
Spinal column
Thorax (chest)

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7
Q

What is the foremen magnum?

A

Opening at the base of skull to allow brain to connect to spinal chord

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8
Q

What are the five sections of the spinal column. And how many vertebrae are in each?

A 
Cervical-7
Thoracic-12
Lumbar-5
Sacrum-5
Coccyx-4
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9
Q

What four things does the thoracic cavity contain?

A

Heart
Lungs
Esophagus
Great vessels

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10
Q

What five things are in the appendicular skeleton?

A 
Arms
Legs
Their connection points
Pelvis
Upper and lower extemities
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11
Q

Where is the upper extremity location?

A

From the shoulder girdle to fingertips

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12
Q

What is the supporting bone of the arm?

A

Humerus

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13
Q

What does the forearm consists of?

A

Radius (lateral side) and Ulna (medial side)

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14
Q

How is the pelvic bone formed?

A

Fusion of the ilium

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15
Q

What is the longest bone in body?

A

Femur

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16
Q

What is the shin bone called?

A

Tibia

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17
Q

What three things does the muscular skeletal system provide?

A

Form
Upright posture
Movement

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18
Q

What is bi product of contraction and relaxation?

A

Heat

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19
Q

What does epiglottis do?

A

Prevents food from entering airway (trachea)

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20
Q

What organ is the dividing line between upper and lower airway?

A

Larynx

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21
Q

What forms the lowest portion of the larynx?

A

Cricoid cartilage/cricoid ring

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22
Q

Where is the carina?

A

The bottom of the trachea that divides the left and right bronchioles

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23
Q

What is the smooth glistening tissue that covers lungs?

A

Pleura

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24
Q

What controls breathing?

A 
Brain stem (medulla oblingata)
Hypoxia drive is back up
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25
What initiates respiration?
Dorsal respiratory group (DRG)
26
The amount of air moved into or out of lungs in a single breath is called what?
Tidal volume
27
What is the average tidal volume for an average adult?
500ML
28
What is the normal rate for respiration?
12-20 breaths per minute
29
What are the five complex arrangement of tubes (from biggest to smallest) in the circulatory system?
``` Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venues Veins ```
30
What does systematic circulation involve? How about pulmonary circulation?
The body. The lungs.
31
What is myocardium?
Cardiac muscle in the heart
32
What are the two chambers that divide the heart?
Atriums and ventricles
33
Describe the blood flow into and out of the heart?
- Vena cava - Right atrium - Right ventricle - Left pulmonary artery - Lungs - Right pulmonary vein - Left atrium - Left ventricle - Aorta - Arteries
34
What is the normal resting heart rate?
60-100 beats per minute
35
What is stroke volume?
Amount of blood moved in one beat
36
What is cardiac output?
Amount of blood moved in one minute
37
How long does it take for blood volume to circulate through body?
1 minute
38
What does spleen do?
Filters blood
39
What is systole?
When left ventricle contracts. It pumps blood into the aorta
40
What is diastole?
When ventricle relaxes and fills with blood
41
How do you read blood pressures?
Systolic over diastolic
42
What is perfusion?
Circulation to meet adequate needs of cells
43
What are 6 functions of blood?
``` Fighting infection Transporting oxygen Transporting carbon dioxide Controlling ph Transporting waste and nutrients Clotting ```
44
What is responsible for fight or flight response?
Sympathetic nervous system
45
What does parasympathetic nervous system do?
Tries to get body back to homeostasis
46
What two body parts does the nervous system consist of?
Brain | Spinal cord
47
What is the largest part of brain?
Cerebrum
48
What does the peripheral nervous system involve?
Everything besides brain and spinal cord
49
What are the three layers of skin c alled?
Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous tissue
50
What are three functions of skin?
Protecting the body Regulate body temperature Transmit information from environment to brain
51
What is located in the right upper quadrant?
Liver
52
What is in the left upper quadrant?
Spleen
53
What is in the right lower quadrant?
Appendix
54
What is the umbilicus?
Belly button
55
What three things do enzymes convert food into?
Basic sugars Fatty acids Amino acids
56
What is pathophysiology?
The study of functional changes that occur when body reacts to disease
57
What is the cartilaginous tip of the sternum called?
Xiphoid process
58
What imaginary line divides the body from front to back?
Coronal plane
59
What imaginary line divides the body from top to bottom?
Transverse (axial) plane
60
What imaginary line divides the body from left to right?
Sagittal (lateral) plane
61
What does anterior (ventral) mean?
In the front
62
What does posterior (dorsal) mean?
In the back
63
What does superior mean?
Closer to the head
64
What does inferior mean?
Closer to the feet
65
What does proximal mean?
"Closer to"
66
What does distal mean?
"Away from"
67
What is flexion?
Bending of a joint
68
What is extension?
Straightening of a joint
69
What is adduction?
Motion toward the midline
70
What is abduction?
Motion away from the midline
71
What is prone position?
Patient laying on stomach
72
What is supine position?
Patient laying on back
73
What is shock position?
Patient laying on back with feet elevated
74
What is fowler position?
Patient is sitting and leaning against wall
75
What is recovery position?
Patient is laying on the left side
76
Which muscles are involuntary?
Smooth muscles and Cardiac muscles
77
Which muscles are voluntary?
Skeletal muscles
78
Which muscles are found in the heart?
Cardiac muscles
79
The somatic nervous system is responsible for what kind of movements?
Voluntary movements
80
The automatic nervous system is responsible for what kind of movements?
Involuntary movements

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