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STEPH BPT 2021 > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Mixture of fluent and expressive aphasia

A

Arcuate fasciculus lesion

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2
Q

Gene mutations PD

A

GBA (glucocerebrosidase)

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3
Q

Dopamine agonists

A

Impulse control disorders
Nausea
Ortho static hypotension
Confusion and hallucinations

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4
Q

memantine

amantadine

A

NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist
Increase dopamine release
Rx: Alzheimer’s

livedo reticularis
Insomnia
leg oedema
blurred vision

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5
Q

Hot cross bun sign

A

MSA

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6
Q

Humingbird sign

A

PSP

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7
Q

MSA

A

Alpha synucleiopathy
Erectile dysfunction
Urinary incontinence
Postural hypotension

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8
Q

Progressive supranuclear palsy

A

Early falls
supranuear down gaze palsy
Postural instability

Tau protein

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9
Q

Corticobasal syndrome (Parkinson’s plus)

A

Apraxia
Frontal lobe dementia
SN gaze palsy
Alien limb

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10
Q

Natalizab

A 
Alpha 4 interim antagonist
MS RX
Selective adhesion molecule inhibitor 
Decrease in relapse rate 
PML risk
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11
Q

Almtuzumab

A

Mab to CD52 (B cells)
MS Rx
Decreased relapse
No PML

ITP
Autoimmune disease

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12
Q

Ocrelizumab

A

MS treatment
Anti CD20 mAb
Depletes B calls

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13
Q

Fingolimob

A

MS Rx
Down regulates sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor
Decrease relapse rate

Heart block
PML
Macular oedema

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14
Q

Optic neuritis

A 
Pain on eye movements 
Decreased acuity
Impaired colour vision 
RAPD 
Scotoma
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15
Q

Gerstman syndrome

A

Brodman 39 and 40 near temporal and parietal junction
Left angular and supramarginal gyrus

Dysgraphia
Dyscalcula
Finger agnosia

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16
Q

Basilar syndrome

A

EOM abnormalities
Dilated pupil
GCS
Staggered course

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17
Q

Anterior spinal artery infarct

A

Loss of power distally
Loss of temp/pain
Posterior cord unaffected

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18
Q

Causes of lobar haemorrhage

A

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy

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19
Q

HLA subtype Carbamazepine

A

HLA B1502 SJS syndrome

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20
Q

HSV encephalitis location

A

Bilateral temporal

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21
Q

Lambert Eaton syndrome association

A

50% paraneoplastic
Mainly SCLC
IgG Abs against Ca channels

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22
Q

In Parkinson’s disease excessive amounts of which protein accumulates in the central nervous system

A

Alpha synuclein

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23
Q

In Alzheimer’s disease excessive amounts of which protein accumulates in the central nervous system?

A

Tau protein is seen in Alzheimer’s and forms the typical Neurofibrillary tangles
Amyloid

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24
Q

mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS)

Study These Flashcards
A

Stroke like symptoms
Seizures
Migraine

25
Alpha synucleiopathies
MSA Lewy body Dementia Parkinsons Disease
26
Gerstmann's syndrome (dominant parietal)
1. Agraphia 2. Acalculia 3. FInger agnosia 4. Left-right confusion
27
Non-dominant complete MCA lesion
1. Inattention (visual, sensory, motor) 2. Anosognosia 3. Prosopagnosia 4. Emotional speech 5. Motor impersistence/apraxia
28
Prosopagnosia
Inability to recognise faces
29
Anosognosia
Denial of neurological defect
30
Superior division MCA
1. Brocas aphasia if dominant side 2. Contralateral Weakness face and arm > leg 3. Contralateral Sensory loss face> arm 4. Hemi-neglect if non noninant
31
Inferior division of MCA infarct
1. Contralateral homonomous hemianopia 2. Non-dom: Apraxia 3. Dom: Wernicke's area
32
ACA infarct
1. Ciontralateral aralysis of leg>arm 2. Cortical sensory loss of lower limb 3. Contralateral primitive reflexes (FL) 4. Abulia (FL) 5. Urinary incontinence (FL)
33
Left PCA infarct
1. Homonomous hemianopia | 2. Alexia without agraphia
34
Right PCA infarct
1. Homonomous hemianopia 2. Prosopagnosia 3. Visual neglect
35
Blood supply to lacunar areas
MCA penetrating arteries
36
Anton's syndrome
Cortical blindness
37
Alexia
Unable to recognise individual words
38
Kimmelstiel Wilson nodules
Diabetic nephropathy
39
Wire loop lesions
Lupus nephritis
40
Loss of pain and temperature on left and right (face and body opposites)
Lateral medullary syndrome of Wallenberg | PICA/vertebral artery occlusion
41
Beta transferritin in rhinnorea fluid
CSF leak
42
acute weakness with low potassium
periodic paralysis | In setting of calcim channel defect
43
Drug for MND and action
Riluzole sodium channel blocker that inhibits glutamate release. May slow progression of MND marginally
44
Phenytoin SEs
``` Osteoporosis ataxia nystagmus gingival hyperplasia coursening of facial features hormone dysfucntion bone marrow hypoplasia. ```
45
Vigabatrin
Drowsiness(most common) neuropsychiatric symptoms weight gain visual field changes.
46
Miller fischer symptoms and treatment
Opthalmoplegia Ataxia Muscle weakness eith areflexia No IVIG / treatment
47
Tauopathies
Progressive supranuclear palsy Corticobasal dgeneration Frontotemporal dementia Alzheimer's dementia (also amyloid)
48
Alpha-synucleinopathies
Lewy body Parkinsons disease Multi systems atrophy
49
Pathophysiology of tau
Abnormal phosphorylation of tau interferes with microtubule function, impairs axonal transport, and leads to tau aggregation into neurofibrillary tangles.
50
Where is CSF produced (mostly)
Choroid plexus
51
Anterior cord syndrome
Flexion injury or vascular injury (anterior spinal artery) Proprioception and vibration spared loss or motor and pan and temp below level of lesion
52
Central cord lesion
M - Motor>sensory U - Upper extremity > lower extremity D - Distal > proximal E - Extension injury
53
Brown-sequard injury
Ipsilateral loss of motor and proprioception/vibration | Contralateral loss pain/temp
54
Sensory level nipples
T4
55
Sensory level umbilicus
T10
56
Nerve roots in the cauda equina
L1–L5 and S1–S5
57
Nerve roots in sciatic nerve
L4, L5, S1, S2, and S3
58
Treatment of benign intracranial hypertension
Weight loss | carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (acetazolamide )

STEPH BPT 2021 (17 decks)

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