Neurology

Question 1

Failure of neural tube to close spontaneously bet 3rd & 4th wk of gestation

Answer 1

Meningocele

Question 2

Failure of closure of rostral neuropore

Answer 2

Anencephaly

Question 3

The most severe form of neural tube defect

Answer 3

Meningocele

Question 4

Type of hydrocephalus: obliteration of the subarachnoid cisterns

Answer 4

Nonobstructive/ communication type

Question 5

Malfunction of the arachnoid villi

Answer 5

Nonobstructive/ communication type

Question 6

Obstruction within the ventricular system

Answer 6

Obstructive/ noncommunication type

Question 7

Where is CSF produced

Answer 7

Choroid plexus epithelium within the cerebral ventricles

Question 8

Setting sun sign

Answer 8

Eyes deviate downward due to impingement of the dilated suprapineal recess on the tectum (hydrocephalus)

Question 9

Macewen sign

Answer 9

Separation of sutures produced by percussion of skull (hydrocephalus)
Cracked pot seansation

Question 10

Major cause of complication of shunts (extracranial shunts for hydrocephalus)

Answer 10

Staph epidermidis infection)

Question 11

Most common seizure do in childhood

Answer 11

Febrile seizure

Question 12

Februle seizure (age of onset)

Answer 12

9 mos - 5 yrs

Rare before 9 mos and after 5 yrs

Question 13

One seizure lasting 30 min or

Multiple sz during 30 min w/o regaining consciousness

Answer 13

Status epilepticus

Question 14

Most prevalent type of migraine

Answer 14

Migraine w/o aura

Question 15

Brilliant white zigzag lines in migraine

Answer 15

Fortification spectra (migraine with aura)

Question 16

Persistent headache lasting > 3 days

Answer 16

Status migrainosus

Question 17

Tx for Status migrainosus

Answer 17

Prochlorperazine IV 0.15 mg/kg max 10mg

Question 18

Headache common after onset if puberty

Answer 18

Tension/ stress headache

Question 19

Two neurocutaneous syndromes

Answer 19

Tuberous sclerosis

Neurofibromatosis

Question 20

Candle dripping appearance

Answer 20

Tuberous sclerosis

Question 21

Organisms most commonly cause viral meningitis

Answer 21

Echovirus
Coxsackievirus
Adenovirus
Cmv
HSV

Question 22

Duration of antibiotics in brain abscess

Answer 22

4-6 weeks

Question 23

Earliest and most constant signs of myasthenia gravis

Answer 23

Ptosis and some degree of extraocular muscle weakness

Question 24

Facts about MG

Answer 24

Characteristic feature: fatigue of muscles
Proximal > distal muscle weakness
Most symptomatic late in the day or when tired
Life threatening due to respiratory muscle inv

Question 25

Symmetric ascending muscle paralysis

Answer 25

GBS

Question 26

Miller fisher syndrome

Answer 26

Acute ophthalmoplegia , ataxia, areflexia | GBS

Question 27

Last function to recover in GBS

Answer 27

Tendon reflexes

Question 28

3 clinical features predictive of poor outcomes

Answer 28

Cranial nerve involvement Need for intubation Maximum disability at the time of presentation

Question 29

Diagnostic for GBS

Answer 29

Albuminocytologic dissociation | (Dissociation bet high CSF protein and lack of cellular response

Question 30

A nonprogressive do of posture and movt often assoc w/ epilepsy & abn of speech & intellect from a defect or lesion of developing brain

Answer 30

Cerebral palsy

Question 31

Most severe form of CP

Answer 31

Spastic quadriplegia - marked motor impairment of all ext - assoc w/ MR & Sz

Question 32

2nd most prevalent malignancy in childhood

Answer 32

Brain tumors

Question 33

Homer-wright rosettes

Answer 33

Medulloblastoma

Question 34

Infratentorial tumors

Answer 34

Cerebellar astrocytoma Medulloblastoma Brainstem glioma Ependymoma

Question 35

Supratentorial tumors

Answer 35

Craniopharyngioma Optic nerve glioma Astrocytoma Choroid plexus papilloma

Question 36

The most common infratentorial tumor and with best prognosis

Answer 36

Cerebellar astrocytoma

Question 37

Tear in middle meningeal artery

Answer 37

Epidural hematoma

Question 38

Tearing of the bridging veins bet cerebral cortex and dura

Answer 38

Subdural hematoma