NEUROLOGY 5

Question 1

what is the main function of the vestibular system?

Answer 1

miantaining balance

Question 2

what are some components of the peripheral vestibular system?

Answer 2

-vestibular receptors in ear
-vestibular nerve (CN VIII)

Question 3

what are some componenets of the centeral vestibular system?

Answer 3

-vestibular nucleii in brainstem
-cerebellum

Question 4

what is the most common sign of vestibular system disease

Answer 4

head tilt

Question 5

what is nystagmus?
What are the directional types?

Answer 5

-involuntary jerking of the eye
-slow and fast phase
-horizontal or rotatory

Question 6

nystagmus has a fast and slow phase. which is CONTRALATERAL to the lesion?

Answer 6

fast phase [toward lesion]

Question 7

describe vestibular ataxia
-what is another clinical sign of vestibular disease?

Answer 7

falling, rolling, drifting
-another is vomiting/nausea

Question 8

how can you differentiate central and peripheral vestibular disease?

Answer 8

Question 9

Does Horner syndrome indicate central or peripheral vestibular damage?

Answer 9

Question 10

what is horner syndrome? (4 characteristics)

Answer 10

Question 11

what is paradoxical vestibular syndrome?
-how can this be diagnosed?

Answer 11

-contradictory vestibular signs caused by lesion of cerebellum
-postural rxn deficits on the ipsilateral side, however head tilt towards contralateral side[head tilt is usually ipsilateral]

Question 12

describe bilateral vestibular disease

Answer 12

-absent nystagmus
-absent head tilt
-side to side swaying of head
-broad base stand
-falling to either side

Question 13

[anomalaous diseases of the vestibular system…]
-what are two types of peripheral vestibular disease?

Answer 13

Question 14

[metabolic diseases of the vestibular system…] most common one?

Answer 14

hypothyroidism

Question 14

[neoplastic diseases of the vestibular system…]

Answer 14

-SCC
-ceruminous gland adenoma/adenocarcinoma
-cholesteatoma

Question 15

[iatrogenic diseases of the vestibular system…]

Answer 15

-clorohex/aminoglycosides toxicity when used on a ruptured tympanic membrane
-other drug toxicities to vestibular/auditory receptors: streptomycin, gentamycin, neomycin, kanamycin, amikacin

Question 16

what ist he most common cuzse of peripheral vestibular disease?

Answer 16

infectious

Question 17

on otitis media/interna…

Answer 17

-otoscope
-often have previous otitis externa

Question 18

idiopathic vestibular disease
-describe the onset and progression
-tx

Answer 18

Question 19

ON CENTRAL VESTIBULAR DIESAE

Question 20

what is the most common central vestibular inflammatory disease?

Answer 20

GME: Granulomatous
Meningoencephalomyelitis

Question 21

central vestibular disease with toxic causess can be die to intoxicatio of which med?

Answer 21

metronidazole

Question 22

describe symptoms of CNI disease

Answer 22

nasal discharge
nasal obstruction
loss of apetiti?
-challenging to diagnose

Question 23

describe symtpoms of CNII disease (2 things)

Answer 23

Blindness. &. PLR deficit

Question 24

how do differentiate if blindness is due to a lesion of the brain or nerve tracT?

Answer 24

blindness without PLR: lesion on nerve tract blindness with PLR: lesion on brain

Question 25

anosocoria follows a parasympathetic and sympathetic pathway. how to differentiate which one the lesion is on in a cas eof anosocoria?

Answer 25

Question 26

MISSED SOME STUFF

Question 27

what are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 27

mandibular opthalmic maxillary

Question 28

-describe symtpom of a bilateral lesion of the mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve -what about unilateral lesion?

Answer 28

Question 29

MORE ON BILATERLA LESION OF MANDIBULAR BRANCH LYMPHOME AND IDIATHIC TRIG NEURITID

Question 30

MORE ON TRIGEM NERVE SHEATH TUMOUR

Question 31

signs of facial nerve CN VII lesion?

Answer 31

Question 32

[CNVII lesion] breed predisposition to idiopathic facial nerve paralysis? -tx?

Answer 32

cocker spaniels

Question 33

Regarding vestibulocochlear nerve, what are white coat color breeds predisposed to?

Answer 33

Deafness

Question 34

what are signs of CN VIII lesion?

Answer 34

Question 35

what are signs of CN IX lesion?

Answer 35

-gag/swallowing reflex issues -dysphagia

Question 36

signs of CN X lesion?

Answer 36

-laryngela paralysis -megaoesophagus

Question 37

signs of CN XI lesion?

Answer 37

atrophy of neck muscles on palpation

Question 38

describe signs of CN XII lesion

Answer 38

deficits in tongue movement

Question 40

Ipsilateral postural reaction deficits indicate a lesion where in the brain? What about contractural postural reaction deficits?

Answer 40

Ipsilateral: cerebellum, brain stem, spinal cord Contralateral: forebrain