Flashcards in Neurology Definitions Deck (43)
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1
Ataxia
Lack of voluntary control
2
Atonia
Loss of muscle tone
3
Hyper/Hypotonia
Increase or decrease in muscle tone
4
Parathesia
Lack of sensation
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Paraplegia
Paralysis of the lower half of the body
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Quadriplegia
Paralysis of all four limbs
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Dysphagia
Loss of swallow
8
Dysphonia
Inability to speak
9
Dysmetria
Loss of balance
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Dysdiadochokinesia
Inability to make rapid, alternating movements
11
Apraxia
Loss of co-ordination
12
Aphasia
Loss of speech
13
Areflexia/Hypo/Hyperreflexia
Loss of, increase or decrease in reflexes
14
Agnosia
Loss of sensory recognition
15
Bradykinesia
Slow movement
16
Dysarthria
Difficulty Speaking
17
Dyslexia
Difficulty reading
18
Hemiplegia
Paralysis of one half of the body
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Palsy
Muscle Paralysis
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Paresis
Muscle Weakness
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Rigidity
Increase in muscle tone meaning movement is restricted
22
Spasticity
Altered muscle performance die to paralysis
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Neural Networks
A series of neurons which come together to create a linear pathway
24
Emergence
When neurones all work together to create a larger function e.g. consciousness
25
Hydrocephalus
The accumilation of CSF in the ventricles
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Aneurysm
Abnormal dilatation of an artery
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Stroke
An abrupt loss of brain function that lasts for more than 24 hours
28
Decussation
The crossing of neurones across the midline of the CNS
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Lateral Inhibition
When interneurones inhibit their neighbouring neurones to localise sensation
30
Two Point Discrimination
The ability to tell the difference between two sensory inputs. The smaller the receptive field, the better the discrimination
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Proprioception
The ability to tell
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Proprioception
The ability to tell where you are in space
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Brown-Sequard Syndrome
One sided lesion of the spinal cord
Due to trauma
Causes ipsi loss of DCIM
Causes contra loss of AL
34
Allodynia
When a receptor becomes heightened and responds to a normal sensation, making it into a painful one
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Receptor Field Expansion
When the size of the receptor field increases, so pain is felt in a larger area of the skin/body, rather than localised to where the stimulus is
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Phantom Limb Pain
When there is pain in a limb post-amputation. Usually occurs when the limb is in pain when amputated e.g. post-trauma, in emergency situations
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Mixed Pain
In cancer
Has features of both pains
38
Chronic Regional Pain Syndrome
Disease of the extremities
Usually one limb
Associated with a previous trauma
Pain is disproportionate to initial event
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Nociceptive Pain
After operations or trauma
Similar to visceral pain
40
Neuropathic Pain
Burning/Shooting pain
Pain of neural origin
e.g. neuropathy
41
Homunculus
A representation of the body in the cortex
A map of the anatomical divisions of the body
The topography of the brain
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Clonus
Muscle spasms: multiple, rhythmic contractions
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