Flashcards in Neurology Definitions Deck (43):
1
Ataxia
Lack of voluntary control
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Atonia
Loss of muscle tone
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Hyper/Hypotonia
Increase or decrease in muscle tone
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Parathesia
Lack of sensation
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Paraplegia
Paralysis of the lower half of the body
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Quadriplegia
Paralysis of all four limbs
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Dysphagia
Loss of swallow
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Dysphonia
Inability to speak
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Dysmetria
Loss of balance
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Dysdiadochokinesia
Inability to make rapid, alternating movements
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Apraxia
Loss of co-ordination
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Aphasia
Loss of speech
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Areflexia/Hypo/Hyperreflexia
Loss of, increase or decrease in reflexes
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Agnosia
Loss of sensory recognition
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Bradykinesia
Slow movement
16
Dysarthria
Difficulty Speaking
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Dyslexia
Difficulty reading
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Hemiplegia
Paralysis of one half of the body
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Palsy
Muscle Paralysis
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Paresis
Muscle Weakness
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Rigidity
Increase in muscle tone meaning movement is restricted
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Spasticity
Altered muscle performance die to paralysis
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Neural Networks
A series of neurons which come together to create a linear pathway
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Emergence
When neurones all work together to create a larger function e.g. consciousness
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Hydrocephalus
The accumilation of CSF in the ventricles
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Aneurysm
Abnormal dilatation of an artery
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Stroke
An abrupt loss of brain function that lasts for more than 24 hours
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Decussation
The crossing of neurones across the midline of the CNS
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Lateral Inhibition
When interneurones inhibit their neighbouring neurones to localise sensation
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Two Point Discrimination
The ability to tell the difference between two sensory inputs. The smaller the receptive field, the better the discrimination
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Proprioception
The ability to tell
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Proprioception
The ability to tell where you are in space
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Brown-Sequard Syndrome
One sided lesion of the spinal cord
Due to trauma
Causes ipsi loss of DCIM
Causes contra loss of AL
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Allodynia
When a receptor becomes heightened and responds to a normal sensation, making it into a painful one
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Receptor Field Expansion
When the size of the receptor field increases, so pain is felt in a larger area of the skin/body, rather than localised to where the stimulus is
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Phantom Limb Pain
When there is pain in a limb post-amputation. Usually occurs when the limb is in pain when amputated e.g. post-trauma, in emergency situations
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Mixed Pain
In cancer
Has features of both pains
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Chronic Regional Pain Syndrome
Disease of the extremities
Usually one limb
Associated with a previous trauma
Pain is disproportionate to initial event
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Nociceptive Pain
After operations or trauma
Similar to visceral pain
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Neuropathic Pain
Burning/Shooting pain
Pain of neural origin
e.g. neuropathy
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Homunculus
A representation of the body in the cortex
A map of the anatomical divisions of the body
The topography of the brain
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Clonus
Muscle spasms: multiple, rhythmic contractions
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