Neurology Lecture Flashcards
(29 cards)
4 areas of development
- Gross motor
- Vision and fine motor
- Hearing, speech and language
- Social, emotional and behavioural
Gross motor development stages
- Raises head up - 6-8 weeks
- Crawling - 8-9 months
- Standing - 10 months
- Walks unsteadily - 12 months
- Walks steadily - 15 months
Vision and fine motor development stages
Pencil skills aged 2-5 years
Speech and language development stages
- 7-10 months = mama/dada
Social, emotional and behavioural development stages
Development by 3 months - what they should be able to do
- Should have learnt head control
- Is there a cause that is making this difficult eg cerebral palsy
What should babies be able to do by 6 months?
- Roll over and reach for objects
What should babies be able to do by 9 months?
- Independent sitting
What should children be able to do by 12 months?
- Crawling and pulling to standing
What should children be doing by 18 months?
- Walking and standing independently
- Squats to pick up objects
Development by 24 months
- Confident walking
- By 3 years old, start to run
When should child definitely be able to walk by?
18 months
Red flags for development
- Lost developmental milestones
- Not able to hold an object at 5 months
- Not sitting unsupported at 12 months
- Not standing independently at 18 months
- Not walking independently at 2 years
- Not running at 2.5 years
- No words at 18 months
- No interest in others at 18 months
First line investigations for developmental delay
Bloods:
* U&E
* CK
* TFTs
* Urate
* FBC
* Ferritin
* Lead
* Biotinsase
Chromosome investigations
If chromosome abnormality found, what invetsigations are done?
- Parental genetic testing
- Can then counsel for future children
Causes of primary syncope
- Dehydration
- Missed meals
- Extended warm environment
- Vasovagal to stimuli eg blood, pain
Secondary causes of syncope
- Hypoglycaemia
- Dehydration
- Anaemia
- Infection
- Anaphyalxis
- Arrhythmias
- Vavlular heart disease
- Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Define seizure
- A seizure is a sudden and temporary change in the electrical and
chemical activity in the brain - Which leads to a change a person’s
movement, behaviour, level of awareness, and/or feelings.
Age for febrile seizure
6 months to 6 years
Epilepsy definition in children
- Two or more unprovoked epilpetic seizures more than 24 hrs apart
Investigations for syncope in child
Bedside:
* ECG
* Full set obs
* Blood glucose
Bloods:
* FBC (anaemia)
* Electrolytes (arrhythmias)
Special:
* 24hr ECG if paroxysmal suspected
* Echocardiogram if ?structural HD
Infantile spasms
- Whole body briefly spasms into a position
- AKA Epileptic spasms or West syndrome
- Baby often cries
- Should do EEG - can see changes of epileptic encephalopathy
- Picking up early is better for outcomes - treat with prednisolone
Classification of seizure types
- Generalised tonic clonic
- Focal
- Absence (generalised)
- Atonic (generalised or focal)
- Myoclonic (generalised or focal)
- Infantile spasms
