Intro lecture Flashcards
(32 cards)
Neonates fluid prescription
- Day 1 - 60ml/kg/day
- Day 2 - 80ml/kg/day
- Day 3 - 100ml/kg/day
- Day 4 - 120ml/kg/day
- Day 5 onwards - 150ml/kg/day
Paediatrics fluid prescription
- First 10kg - 100ml/kg/day (4ml/hr)
- 10-20kg - additional 50ml/kg/day (2ml/hr)
- Over 20kg - additional 20ml/kg/day (1ml/hr)
Maintenance fluids for children
- 0.9% sodium chloride AND
- 5% dextrose
Resuscitation fluid for children
- 0.9% sodium chloride - 10ml/kg
- Can give up to 40ml/kg - MAX then call ICU
Capillary refill in children
- Done centrally eg sternum
- Not peripherally
Should be less than 2 seconds
Limited reserves in children - what does this mean?
- Get unwell very quickly
- But should respond to treatment very quickly - see difference fast
Neonates and periodic breathing - what is it and why
- Slow and fast breathing - periodic breathing
- Can be a sign of brainstem problem in people
- But babies do this normally as their brainstem develops
What age do febrile convulsions occur?
- Aged 6 months to 6 years
- If before this - consider sepsis etc
If under 3 months and fever, what is diagnosis?
Sepsis until proven otherwise
Why do babies lose weight after birth?
- Baby born with excessive water - protective mechanism to allow to adjust to feeding
- Lose more weight if breastfed vs bottle fed
- Up to 10% of birthweight is acceptable - anything more midwife will be concerned
Be more concerned if bottle fed and lost lots
Changes to behaviour in baby under 3 months old eg crying, stopping feeding, fever etc - cause
- Sepsis until proven otherwise
When can you have calpol uncer 3 months old?
- After vaccines
- Otherwise should see medic for cause for fever - ?sepsis
When should meconium be passed by?
Within 48hrs
Differential for delayed meconium
- Hirschprungs
- Long segment and short segment
- Long segment - obstruction right after birth, will not leave hosp without problem
- Short segment - continued constipation, laxatives used regularly and not helping. Need rectal biopsy to diagose
Why is demand feeding best?
- Amount of feeding changes with time
- One ounce per day weight gain for baby (30g/day)
- They will need more as time goes on
When should babies wean from milk?
6 months onwards - need further nutritional requirements
Resource for immunisation schedule
Green book
Immunisation schedule ages
- Birth - if at risk
- 2 months
- 3 months
- 4 months
- 12 months
- 3/4 years - pre-school age
- 14 years (Year 9)
Immunisation at ages
Normal age for baby to walk
9-18 months
Normal age for pincer grip
9 to 12 months of age
Posture of baby who has spinal muscular atrophy
Frog leg position - legs splayed out, poor head control
Developmental stages - summary of normal
- Smile - by 6 weeks
- Sit unaided - by 6 months
- Walk by 12 months
- Talk by 12 months
- Fixing and following - 2-3 months
Global developmental delay vs delay
- Global = delay in 2 or more areas of development
