Neurology_RR Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Neurology_RR Deck (28)
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1
Q

Unilateral, severe periorbital headache with tearing and conjunctival erythema

A

Cluster headache

2
Q

Prophylactic treatment for migraine

A

Antihypertensives, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, dietary changes

3
Q

The most common pituitary tumor. Treatment?

A
Prolactinoma
Dopamine agonists (eg, bromocriptine)
4
Q

A 55-year-old patient presents with acute “broken speech.” What type of aphasia? What lobe and vascular distribution?

A

Broca’s aphasia. Frontal Lobe, left MCA distribution

5
Q

The most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Trauma; the second most common cause is a berry aneurysm

6
Q

A crescent-shaped hyperdensity on CT that does not cross the midline

A

Subdural hematoma–bridging veins torn

7
Q

A history significant for initial altered mental status with an intervening lucid interval. Diagnosis? Most likely source? Treatment?

A

Epidural hematoma. Middle meningeal artery. Neurosurgical evacuation

8
Q

CSF findings with subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Elevated intracranial pressure, RBCs, xanthochromia

9
Q

Albuminocytologic dissociation

A

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Increased protein in CSF without a significant increase in cell count

10
Q

Cold water is flushed into a patient’s ear, and the fast phase of the nystagmus is towards the opposite side. Normal or pathologic?

A

Normal

11
Q

The most common primary sources of metastases to the brain

A

Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney, GI tract

12
Q

May be seen in children who are accused of inattention in class and confused with ADHD

A

Absence seizures

13
Q

The most frequent presentation of intracranial neoplasm

A

Headache.

Primary neoplasms are much less common than brain metastases

14
Q

The most common cause of seizures in children (2-10 years)

A

Infection, febrile seizures, trauma, idiopathic

15
Q

The most common cause of seizures in young adults (18-35 years)

A

Trauma, alcohol withdrawal, brain tumor

16
Q

First-line medication for status epilepticus

A

IV benzodiazepine

17
Q

Confusion, confabulation, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia

A

Wernicke’s encephalopathy due to a deficiency of thiamine

18
Q

What percent lesion is an indication for carotid endarterectomy?

A

70%, if the stenosis is symptomatic

19
Q

The most common cause of dementia

A

Alzheimer’s and multi-infarct

20
Q

A combined upper motor lesion and lower motor lesion disorder

A

ALS

21
Q

Rigidity and stiffness with unilateral resting tremor and masked facies

A

Parkinson’s disease

22
Q

The mainstay of Parkinson’s therapy

A

Levodopa/carbidopa

23
Q

Treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome

A

IVIG or plasmapharesis. Avoid steroids

24
Q

Rigidity and stiffness that progress to choreiform movements, accompanied by moodiness and altered behavior

A

Huntington’s Disease

25
Q

A 6-year-old girl presents with a port-wine stain in the V1 distribution as well as with mental retardation, seizures, and ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma. Diagnosis? Cause? Treatment?

A

Sturge-Weber Syndrome.
Possible focal cerebral resection of the affected lobe.
Treat symptomatically.

26
Q

Multiple café-au-lait spots on skin

A

Neurofibromatosis type 1

27
Q

Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, and hyperdocility

A

Klüver-Bucy syndrome (amygdala)

28
Q

May be administered to a symptomatic patient to diagnose myasthenia gravis

A

Edrophonium