neuromotor

Question 1

2 motor speech disorders

Answer 1

dysarthria and aprxia of speech

Question 2

abnormalities in the strength, speed, range, steadiness, tone or accuracy of movements required for the breathing, phonatory, resonatory, articulatory, or prosodic aspects of speech production.

Answer 2

the dysarthrias.

Question 3

neuropathophysiologic disterbunces of control or execution

Answer 3

the dysarthrias.

Question 4

dysarthria is due to one or more of these sensorimotor abnormalities.

Answer 4

weakness, spasticity, incoordination, involuntary movements, or excessive or variable muscle tone.

Question 5

disarthria is _____in origin.

Answer 5

neurologic

Question 6

a disorder of movement is dysarthria or apraxia?

Answer 6

dysarthria.

Question 7

dysarthria can be categorized into different types characterized by distingushable ___ cahracterists and ____ _____ factors. the ability to categorize the dysarthrias therefore has implications for the localization of teh causal disorder.

Answer 7

distinguishable perceptual caharacteristics and underlying neuropathophysiologic.

Question 8

all these factors are involved when identifying dysarthria except
-a age of onset
- b cause
- c natural course
-d environment
-e site of lesion
-f neurological diagnosis of disease
- g pathophysiology
- h speech subsystem involved
- i perceptual characteristics
- j severity
-k diet

Answer 8

d and k

Question 9

a motor speech disorder caused by a disturbance in motor planning, or programming of sequential movement for volitional speech production.

Answer 9

apraxia

Question 10

characteristics of apraxia include impaired what?

Answer 10

articulation, rate, and prosody, or in the rhythm of the spoken utterance.

Question 11

apraxia typicall co-exists with__ or ___.

Answer 11

aphasia or language delay.

Question 12

t.f apraxia is more likely to occur concomitantly with dysarthria.

Answer 12

false, it is LESS likely to coocur.

Question 13

term used for the developmental counterpart of acquired apraxia of speech.

Answer 13

childhood apraxia of speech (CAS).

Question 14

in CAS development of ___ ____ skills are effected

Answer 14

expressive phonological skills.

Question 15

dysarthria is present in % of PD paitents.

Answer 15

90.

Question 16

dysarthria is present in _ of individuals with CP.

Answer 16

90%

Question 17

CNS

Answer 17

brain and spine.

Question 18

PNS

Answer 18

cranial and spinal nerves

Question 19

supportive cells which serve as supportive cells for neurons and form the blood brain barrier

Answer 19

glial cells.

Question 20

cells that form myelin in the CNS and PNS

Answer 20

oligodendroglia and schwann cells.

Question 21

astrocytes

Answer 21

star-shaped cells that assist in neural migration.

Question 22

cells that line the ventricular system

Answer 22

ependymal cells.

Question 23

microglia

Answer 23

cells that remove damaged dissue.

Question 24

connective tissus makes up the.

Answer 24

tissue that makes up the meninges

Question 25

oligodendroglia and schwann cells, astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia and connective tissue are all what type of cells?

Answer 25

glial cells.

Question 26

tracts are

Answer 26

bundles of axons found in the cns

Question 27

nerves are

Answer 27

bundles of axons found in the pns

Question 28

small substance released at endpoints once charge reaches axon's terminal ramifications...

Answer 28

neurotransmitters.

Question 29

two important neurotransmitters in the motor system

Answer 29

acetylcholine and dopamine.

Question 30

glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), dopamine and acetylcholine are all...

Answer 30

neurotransmitters.

Question 31

glutamate is

Answer 31

the primary excitatory neurotransmitter for all cns neurons.

Question 32

a primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mature CNS that plays a major role in the regulation of muscle tone is

Answer 32

gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA_

Question 33

a neuro transmitter that plays a role in movement, motivation and reward, cognition and learning, attention, mood and sleep is what?

Answer 33

dopamine.

Question 34

dopamine aide's in the initiation and control of __ ___ ___ including speech through the basal ganglia.

Answer 34

skilled mmotor acts through the basal ganglia

Question 35

the only neuro transmitter involved in the PNS control of skeletal muscle functions . and it is also involved in the CNS including areas related to speech motor control and learning.

Answer 35

acetylcholine.

Question 36

abnormalities in dopamine could lead to hypokinetic dysarthria related with.

Answer 36

PD paitents.

Question 37

abnormalities with acetycholine could lead to flaccid dysarthria associated with.

Answer 37

myasthenia gr.

Question 38

abnormalities with GABA could lead to spastic dysathria associated with.

Answer 38

spastic CP.

Question 39

CSF HOUSED in

Answer 39

the ventricles

Question 40

CSF produced in

Answer 40

choroid plexus.

Question 41

the safety valve of blood supply to the brain

Answer 41

the circle of willis.

Question 42

damage to which arteries can lead to dysarthria?

Answer 42

L or R carotid artery and in the left or right anterior and middle cerebral arteries (MCA)

Question 43

damage to which artery could lead to apraxia of speech?

Answer 43

left MCA.

Question 44

the starting place for any voluntaryy movement

Answer 44

the desire to move.