neurons

Question 1

what are the three types of neurons

Answer 1

afferent
efferent
interneuron

Question 2

how can you classify a neuron

Answer 2

structure and function

Question 3

what is the function of an afferent neuron

Answer 3

take nerve impulses from receptors to the central nervous system

Question 4

what is the function of an efferent neuron

Answer 4

take nerve impulses from the central nervous system to effector structures

Question 5

what is another name for afferent neurons

Answer 5

sensory/receptor

Question 6

what is another name for efferent neuron

Answer 6

motor/effector

Question 7

what is another name for interneuron

Answer 7

association neuron
connector
relay

Question 8

what is the structure of a unipolar neuron

Answer 8

has only one type of extension from the cell body, not found in humans

Question 9

what is the structure of a bipolar neuron

Answer 9

they have a distinct axon and a dendritic fibre separated by a cell body (off to the side) e.g found in the ear, eye and nose

Question 10

what is the structure of a multipolar neuron

Answer 10

have a single axon and several dendritic fibres. all somatic motor neurons and most interneurons are multipolar

Question 11

what is the structure of pseudounipolar neurons

Answer 11

has properties of both unipolar and bipolar neurons. there is a single axon from the cell body, which then branches off into dendrites and axon terminals. usually sensory neurons

Question 12

what are other names for an end of a neuron

Answer 12

synaptic terminal/knob/button/axon terminal

Question 13

what is the cell body also known as

Answer 13

the soma or cyton

Question 14

explain the cell body

Answer 14

granular cytoplasm is due to clusters of ribosomes (nissl granules)

there are abundant organelles, especially mitochondria

Question 15

neuron=

Answer 15

nerve cell

Question 16

nerve fibre=

Answer 16

dendrite or axon

Question 17

nerve =

Answer 17

bundle of nerve fibres

Question 18

explain dendrites

Answer 18

usually short and highly branched

synapse with other neurons or receptors

transmit the electrochemical impulse towards the cell body

Question 19

explain axons

Answer 19

typically a single, long nerve fibre

terminate at a synaptic end bulbs

connect with muscles (neuromuscular junction), glands (neuroglandular junction), or other neurons

Question 20

the gap between neuron and muscle

Answer 20

neuromuscular junction

Question 21

the gap between neuron and gland

Answer 21

neuroglandular junction

Question 22

the gap between neuron and neuron

Answer 22

synapse

Question 23

what is the myelin sheath?

Answer 23

the myelin sheath is a white, fatty sheath surrounding the axon of most neurons

the myelin sheath of peripheral nerve fibres is produced by Schwann cells (glial cells)

Question 24

what is it called when a nerve fibre has a myelin sheath

Answer 24

myelinated

Question 25

what does the myelin sheath do

Answer 25

speeds up nerve transmission, acts as an insulator and protects the nerve fibre

Question 26

what are the gaps between the myelin sheath on an axon called

Answer 26

the nodes of Ranvier