neurons

Question 1

what is sensory input?

Answer 1

sensory receptors gather information from the environment and send it to the brain

Question 2

what is integration?

Answer 2

the brain processes and understands the sensory input and decides what should be done in response

Question 3

what is motor output?

Answer 3

messages are sent from the brain to the muscles or glands to cause a response

Question 4

divisions of the nervous system: includes cranial and spinal nerves

Answer 4

peripheral nervous system

Question 5

divisions of the nervous system: includes brain and spinal cord

Answer 5

central nervous system

Question 6

divisions of the nervous system: sends messages from the brain to the muscles using motor neurons

Answer 6

motor division

Question 7

divisions of the nervous system: sends messages from the senses to the brain using sensory neurons

Answer 7

sensory division

Question 8

divisions of the nervous system: motor neurons send messages from the brain to involuntary muscles

Answer 8

autonomic nervous system

Question 9

divisions of the nervous system: motor neurons send messages from the brain to voluntary muscles

Answer 9

somatic nervous system

Question 10

divisions of the nervous system: fight or flight

Answer 10

sympathetic division

Question 11

divisions of the nervous system: rest and digest

Answer 11

parasympathetic division

Question 12

what are the two largest divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 12

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Question 13

which organs are found in the central nervous system?

Answer 13

brain and spinal cord

Question 14

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for understanding sensory input and controlling motor output?

Answer 14

motor division

Question 15

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for delivering sensory input from the outside world to the brain?

Answer 15

sensory division

Question 16

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for delivering motor output from the brain to the muscles?

Answer 16

motor division

Question 17

Which type of neuron sends messages from the senses to the brain?

Answer 17

sensory neurons

Question 18

Which type of neuron sends messages from the brain to the muscles?

Answer 18

motor neurons

Question 19

The motor and sensory divisions are subdivisions of which nervous system?

Answer 19

peripheral nervous system

Question 20

The autonomic and somatic nervous systems are subdivisions of which division?

Answer 20

motor division

Question 21

The autonomic and somatic nervous systems are subdivisions of the motor division and are in which nervous system?

Answer 21

peripheral nervous system

Question 22

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of which nervous system?

Answer 22

autonomic nervous system

Question 23

Which divisions of the nervous system use motor neurons to send messages from the central nervous system?

Answer 23

motor division of the PNS; autonomic nervous system; somatic nervous system

Question 24

Which divisions of the nervous system use sensory neurons to send messages to the central nervous system?

Answer 24

sensory division of the PNS

Question 25

Which division of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for voluntary movements?

Answer 25

somatic nervous system

Question 26

Which division of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for involuntary movements?

Answer 26

autonomic nervous system

Question 27

Anatomy of a neuron: receive impulses from previous neurons; short and highly branched

Answer 27

dendrites

Question 28

Anatomy of a neuron: where the axon joins the cell body

Answer 28

axon hillock

Question 29

Anatomy of a neuron: lipid layer; insulates the axon; speeds up the transition of action potentials along the axon

Answer 29

myelin sheath

Question 30

Anatomy of a neuron: gaps in the myelin sheath along the axon; impulses "skip" to them

Answer 30

nodes of ranvier

Question 31

Anatomy of a neuron: store neurotransmitters that are released into the synapse due to impulses

Answer 31

synaptic end bulbs

Question 32

Anatomy in a neuron: located in center of cell body

Answer 32

nucleus

Question 33

Anatomy in a neuron: contains organelles; produces proteins and molecules needed to send/receive impulses

Answer 33

cell body (also known as the soma)

Question 34

Anatomy in a neuron: produce the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system

Answer 34

schwann

Question 35

Anatomy in a neuron: carries impulses away from the soma and toward the next neuron

Answer 35

axon

Question 36

Anatomy in a neuron: fine projections at the end of an axon that pass the impulse to the next neuron

Answer 36

axon terminals

Question 37

define structural classification

Answer 37

based on the number of processes extending from the soma

Question 38

structural classification: have many processes; one axon and multiple dendrites; most common type of neuron

Answer 38

multipolar

Question 39

structural classification: have two processes; one branching axon and one dendrite; very rare; only found in special sense organs (eye)

Answer 39

bipolar

Question 40

structural classification: have only one process - an axon; mainly found in the peripheral nervous system

Answer 40

unipolar

Question 41

define functional classification

Answer 41

based on the direction that the message travels through the neuron in relation to the CNS

Question 42

functional classification: also known as afferent neurons; carry impulses from the sensory receptors in the skin or sense organs to the CNS; usually unipolar

Answer 42

sensory

Question 43

functional classification: also known as efferent neurons; carry impulses from the CNS to the muscles or glands; usually multipolar

Answer 43

motor

Question 44

functional classification: also known as association neurons; transmit impulses within the CNS; over 99% of neurons in the body; usually multipolar

Answer 44

interneurons