Neurons Flashcards
(21 cards)
What makes up a basic neurone?
Dendrites Nucleus Cell body Axon Myelin sheath Axon Terminal
What is the function of Dendrites?
receive signals from other neurons or from sensory receptor cells. The dendrites are typically connected to the cell body
What is a Nucleus of a neurone?
is an oval shaped membrane-bound structure found in the body of the neuron(soma)
What is the function of the cell body?
s the spherical part of the neuron that contains the nucleus and connects to the dendrites. often referred to as the ‘Control Centre’ of the neuron, as it contains nucleus
What is an axon and what visits function?
is a long slender fibre that carries nerve impulses, in the form of an electrical signal known as action potential, away from the cell body towards the axon terminals where the neuron ends.
What is the function of the myelin sheath
surrounds most axons (except for relay neurons) which insulates the axon so that the electrical impulses travel faster along the axon
What is the function of an axon terminal
connects the neuron to. the other neurons (or directly to organs), using a process called synaptic transmission
What receptors are sensory neurones found in?
Eyes
Ears
Tounge
Skin
What is the role of a sensory neurone?
They carry nerve impulses to the spinal cord and brain. When nerve impulses reach the brain, they are translated into ‘sensations’ e.g. vision
Which neutron brings information in towards the CNS?
Sensory neurons
How does a sensory neurone allow quick reflex actions to occur?
Not all sensory neurons reach the brain, some neurons stop at the spinal cord, allowing for quick reflex actions
where are motor neurone found?
in the CNS
What neurone controls muscle movement?
Motor neurons
How does a motor neurone work?
When motor neurones stimulated, they release neurotransmitters that bind to the receptors on muscles to trigger a response. leading to movement
which direction does a motor neurone send information?
back out to effectors away from the CNS
Where are relay neurones found?
between sensory input and motor output/response
Found in brain and spinal cord
What is the function of a relay neurone?
to allow sensory and motor neurones to communicate
Which neurone connects the neurones in the middle at the CNS
Relay neurones
What makes up a sensory neurone?
Receptor cell
Myelin sheath
Axon
Cell bods
What makes up a motor neurone?
Dendrite
Cell body
Myelin sheath
Axon
What makes up a relay neurone?
Dendrite
Cell body
Axon
Pre-synaptic terminal
