Neuroscience: cranial nerves

Question 1

Cranial Nerve XII

Answer 1

Hypoglossal

tongue movements

👅

Question 2

Hypoglossal LMN injury, the tongue will deviate towards…

UMN injury?

Answer 2

• the same side of the injury
• UMN injury: away from side of the lesion

Question 3

Cranial Nerve XI

Answer 3

Accessory

• Trapezius
• Sternocleidomastoid

Question 4

lesion of CN XI

Answer 4

ipsilateral trapezius and sternocleidomastoid paralysis

Question 5

Cranial Nerve X

Answer 5

Vagus

• Parasympathetic: heart, lungs, trachea.
• Motor: pharyngeal (speech), laryngeal.
• Sensory: heart, lungs, gut, taste from base of tongue

Question 6

CN X lesion

Answer 6

• dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
• dysarthria (decreased speech volume)

Question 7

Cranial Nerve IX

Answer 7

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

• Parasympathetic: salivation (parotid gland)
• Motor: swallowing and gag reflex (stylopharyngeus muscle)
• Sensory: middle ear, external auditory meatus, pharynx, taste from posterior 1/3 of the tongue, parotid gland, visceral sensation

Question 8

taste from posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Answer 8

IX, Glossopharyngeal

Question 9

Cranial Nerve VIII

Answer 9

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

• Cochlear: hearing
• Vestibular: balance

Question 10

Sensory information from utricle and saccule and ampullae of the semicircular canals

Answer 10

Vestibular portion, CN VIII

Question 11

Cranial Nerve VII

Answer 11

Facial Nerve

• Parasympathetic: lacrimal and salivary (no parotid gland)
• Motor: facial muscles, eye blink reflex (closing)
• Sensory: taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Question 12

CN VII lower motor neuron lesion

Answer 12

Bell’s Palsy
ipsilateral paralysis of one side of the face

Question 13

CN VII upper motor neuron lesion

Answer 13

contralateral paralysis of one-quarter of the face

Question 14

Cranial Nerve VI

Answer 14

Abducens

• horizontal eye movements (abducting)

Question 15

Cranial Nerve V

Answer 15

Trigeminal Nerve

• Motor: muscles of mastication, jaw jerk reflex (stretch reflex), corneal reflex (blink in response to touching cornea)
• Sensory: facial Sensation, sensation from mouth, muscle spindle of the muscles of mastication and extraocular muscles

Question 16

All sensation from the face and mouth is transmitted by the ________ nerve

Answer 16

Trigeminal, CN V

Question 17

Muscle spindle of the muscles of mastication and extraocular muscles

Answer 17

CN V, trigeminal

Question 18

Jaw jerk reflex

Answer 18

CN V, trigeminal

Question 19

Cranial Nerve IV

Answer 19

Trochlear

• Motor: contralateral superior oblique muscle (Moves eye downward if already pointed medially

Question 20

Cranial Nerve III

Answer 20

Oculomotor

• Motor: superior, medial, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique
• Parasympathetic: pupillary constrictor muscle (constriction of pupils), ciliary muscle of lens (focusing of the eye)

Question 21

Cranial Nerve II

Answer 21

Optic Nerve
vision

(terminates in the thalamus)

Question 22

Cranial Nerve I

Answer 22

Olfactory Nerve
Smell

Question 23

Cranial Nerves & Reflexes

Answer 23

Question 24

A physical therapist attempts to assess the integrity of the vestibulocochlear nerve by administering the Rinne test on a patient with a suspected upper motor neuron lesion. After striking the tine of the tuning fork to begin vibration, which bony prominence should the therapist utilize to position the stem of the tuning fork?

Answer 24

Mastoid process

Rinne’s Test

Question 25

A physical therapist attempts to assess the integrity of the vestibulocochlear nerve by administering the Weber test on a patient with a suspected upper motor neuron lesion. After striking the tine of the tuning fork to begin vibration, which bony prominence should the therapist utilize to position the stem of the tuning fork?

Answer 25

middle of the skull

Weber’s test