Pulmonary: examination

Question 1

Pulmonary: examination

Schamroth Sign

Answer 1

Question 3

Pulmonary: examination

Normal respiratory rate of infants, children, and adults:

Answer 3

• Infants = 40 - 60
• Children = 18 - 24
• Normal adult RR =12-20

Question 4

Pulmonary: examination

What is orthopnea?

Answer 4

Orthopnea or orthopnoea is shortness of breath (dyspnea) that occurs when lying flat, causing the person to have to sleep propped up in bed or sitting in a chair.

Question 5

Pulmonary: examination

Kussmaul’s respirations:

Answer 5

• Deep, slow or rapid, gasping
• Common in diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 6

Pulmonary: examination

Cheyne-Stokes respirations:

Answer 6

• End of life
• Progressively deeper, faster breathing alternating gradually with shallow, slower breathing.
• May indicate brain stem injury

Question 7

Pulmonary: examination

Biot’s respirations:

Answer 7

• Irregular pattern of rate and depth with sudden, periodic episodes of apnea
• May indicate increased intracranial pressure

Question 8

Pulmonary: examination

Hemoptysis

Answer 8

Coughing blood

Question 9

Pulmonary: examination

Ventilatory Response Index (VRI):

Answer 9

→Ask pt to count to 15 in an 8 second time period and count how many breaths it takes

• 0 to 4 rating, score = number of breaths taken.

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Question 10

Pulmonary: examination

Normal TRACHEAL sound:

Answer 10

• Tubular
• (1:1)
• over the trachea

Question 11

Pulmonary: examination

Normal BRONCHIAL breath sound:

Answer 11

• 1:2
• Near sternal angle

Question 12

Pulmonary: examination

Normal BRONCHVESICULAR breath sound:

Answer 12

• 1:1
• Where mainstem bronchi branch to segmental bronchi

Question 13

Pulmonary: examination

Normal VESICULAR breath sound:

Answer 13

• 3:1

Question 14

Pulmonary: examination

Discontinuous, bubbling or popping sound that can be associated with obstructive and restrictive dz:

Answer 14

CRACKLES

Question 15

Pulmonary: examination

Continuous, “musical”, or whistling sound usually heard during exhalation due to
bronchoconstriction or retrained secretions:

Answer 15

WHEEZES

Question 16

Pulmonary: examination

Stridor:​

Answer 16

• Medical emergency
• Continuous very high pitched wheeze heard with inspiration and/or exhalation
• Usually indicates upper airway obstruction

Question 17

Pulmonary: examination

Egophony:

Answer 17

Increase voice transmission, vocal ‘E’sounds like ‘A’

Question 18

Pulmonary: examination

Bronchophony:

Answer 18

• increased voice transmission when whispered
  
  • Repeat “99”

Question 19

Pulmonary: examination

Whispered pectoriloquy:

Answer 19

• extreme bronchophony (increased voice transmition)
  
  • Say “one, two, three”

Question 20

Pulmonary: examination

Tachypnea:

Answer 20

rapid, shallow breathing (RR >24)

Question 21

Pulmonary: examination

Bradypnea:

Answer 21

slow breathing (RR < 10)

Question 22

Pulmonary: examination

heard over the trachea, ratio?

Answer 22

tracheal sound

1:1 with gap

Question 23

Pulmonary: examination

Sound heard over the sternum or manubrium

Answer 23

Bronchial

1:2 with gap

Question 24

Pulmonary: examination

Sound heard anteriorly at the 1st and 2nd ICS and posteriorly between the scapulae

Answer 24

bronchovesicular

1:1 continuos

Question 25

Pulmonary: examination

Heard throughout lung periphery

Answer 25

vesicular

3:1 continuous