Neurosciences Flashcards by Nathan Hansen

unilateral throbbing HA
aura
N/V/photophobia is

tx w __ and ___

migraines

tritptans/NSAID

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bilateral HA, worse as day goes on is ___

tension HA

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unilteral HA, brief, male, periorbital pain
Horner’s syndome/lacrimation

is ____

cluster HA

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HA, overweight young woman w bilateral papilledema

dx is ____

treat w ___ and ____

idiopathic intracranial HTN

LP/acetazolamide

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chronic daily HA w daily analgesis use

dx is ____

rebound HA

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facial paralysis, cannot move muscles of face

dx is ___
not seen in __ bc of dual innervation

bell palsy

stroke

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Contralateral face/arm weakness, sensory loss, eye deviates toward ___

type of stroke ___
most left brain dominant, so left sided can present w ___

RMCA may hvae defects in __/__ fxn
unilateral __, difficulty w ___

lesion

MCA
aphasia

visual/spacial
neglect of limb, stereognosis

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contralateral foot/leg weakness, behavioral hange, confused, impaired gait/stance aka __
lack of initiative aka __
urinary incontinene, positive grasp/suck reflexes

stroke to ____

aprxia
akinetic mutism

ACA

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vomiting, vertigo, dysarthria, CN palsies, diplopia, hempiaresis/hemisensory loss

stroke to ___ such as __/__ areries

posterior circ

vertebral/basilar

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old man, sudden onset diplopia/N/V

left eye inward, cannot close left eye, flat nasolabial fold

lesion in ___
affected CN __/__

pons

6/7

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CN 3/4 located in ___

CN 5/6/7/8 located in ___

CN 9/10/11/12 located in __

HA/one pupil not responding to light aka __ involvement

lesion is in ___

Pons

medulla

Posterior communicating artery aneurysm

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rapid onset after lucid interval, temporal skull fracture

__ hematoma
affects ___

__ shape on CT

epidural
MMA

lentiform

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slow onset. usually elderly/alcoholic/baby

__ hematoma
torn __

__ shape on CT

subdural
bridging veins

crescent

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worst HA of life, blood in CSF

__ hemorrhage

assc w __/___

subarachnoid

Berry/ADPKD

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MA woman, post GI infection, tingling and difficulty walking

SOB
weakness in proximal/distal extremities, lack vibratory/position/reflexes

dx is ___
common bugs __/__

feared comp
pathogenesis- antibody cross reacts w

tx w ___/___

Guillen bare
C jejuni, CMV

Resp acidosis
myelin

plasmapharesis, IVIG

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drooping of eyelids, double vision, difficulty swallowing

worsen as day goes on, improves w rest
muscle weaknes

dx is ___
antibody against ____
tx w __ such as __
complication is ___

MG
Ach receptor
AchAse inhibitor, pyridostigimine

thymoma

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progressive weakness, cannot rise from chair, dry eyes/mouth, ED

absent DTR, CK normal

right lung mass

dx is ___
antibodies against ___

assc w ___

lambert eaton

voltage gated presynaptic P/Q Ca channel

SCLC

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weakness, hyperreflexia, babinski, spasticity (UMN signs) and atrophy/weakness (LMN signs)

esp fasciculations
dx is ___
tx w ___ reducing ___ induced excitotoxicity

ALS

riluzole, glutamate induced

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Young woman, visual sx, neuro sx, periventricular white matter changes

dx is ___
tx w ____

interferon B

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floppy baby, hypotonia/fasciculations

dx is ___

spinal musclular atrophy __

inherited __, degenration of __

werdnig hoffman

AR, anterior horn cells

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fracture of mid shaft of humerus

possible to damage __ nerve

found in ___

radial

spinal groove

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obese, numbness to outer thigh, dec sensation

normal reflex/strength

dx to ___
aka

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

meralgia paresthetica

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tx carpal tunnel w ___

wrist splints

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paresthesias of lateral 1.5 digits, prolonged elbow flexion

damage ot ___ nerve

if at wrist, develop ___ of 4/5 digits

seen in __
fx of ___

ulnar

claw hand

bicyclists
hamate hook

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wekaness of wrist extensors and wrist drop hx of crutch or passing out w arm over back of chair damage to ___

radial neerve

winged scapula, post mastectomy damage to ___ roots

long thoracic nerve | C5-C7

shouldr dystocia damage to ___ claw hand w loss of __ damage to C8/T1 called ___

C5-C6 lumbricals klumpkes

intense episodes of intense pain, while chewing gum last only a second stressor brings it on dx is ___

trigeminal neuralgia

vesicular rsh of left cheek/forehead/nose possible dx is ___ get ___

herpes opthalmicus | ophtho

normal pulses, leg pain worse in certain positions dx is

spinal stenosis

older man, midthoracic back pain, leg weakness, urinary incontinence former smoker hyperrreflexia, dec sensation cxr shows mass dx is ____

epidural metastasis

Ataxia, tremors, forgetful myoclonic jerks EEG w periodic sharp waves dx is ____

CJD

Ataxia, bilateral nystagmus, inability to move eyes deficiency in ____ dz is ___ if develops confabulation, dx is ____ damage to ___

thiamine wernicke's enceph WK mamillary bodies

younger male, twtiching of extremities, irritable, depressed, cannot multitask positive family history dx is ___ gliosis of ____

huntingtons | caudate nucleus

older male, ataxia, urinary incontinence, memory/delirium problems dx is ___

NPH

older woman, new onset Parkinson sx normal strenth/reflex look for __ drug other SE

metochlopramide tardive kinesia, tics

fever, confusion, severe HA, aphasic, weakenss, temporal lobe enhancement dx is ___, usually caused by ___ in YA tx w __ in IC, caused by ____

encephalitis HSV acyclovir CMV

low CD4/HIV, hemaniopa, ataxia non enhancing white matter lesions dx is __ caused by -__

PML | JC virus

Encephalitis, fever, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, parkinson features caused by -_

west nile

CN palsy, posterior column signs, paresis, dementia, AR pupil dx is ___

neurosyphilis

older person, aura, lost conciousness stiffening/shaking, urinary incontinence MRI normal dx is __ w ____

parial seizure w secondary generalization

older person, lost awareness, stares/smacks lips confused, then returns to normal type of seizure ___ __ only seen in kids

partial complex | absence

younger pt, alcohol use, poor sleep habits involuntary jerks dx is ___

juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

acute hepatic failure, pancreatitis, teratogen med SE of

valproic acid

aplastic anemia, hepatic failure med SE of ___ used for intractable seizure like ____

felbamate | Lennox gastaut

ataxia, hepatic dysfxn, gingival hyperplasia drug is ___

phenytoin

hypoNa, hepatic dysfxn drug si ___

carbamezipine

SJS se of ___ for absence also P/L/C

ethosuximide | phenytoin, lamotrigine, carbamezipine

kidney stones, wl, glaucoma, Met acid se of ___

topiramate

irritable, severe depression SE o f___

levetiracetam

hx of finger fumbling/lip smacking/dec conciousness occurring freq, tired, memory loss, speech probs abnormal electrical activity in ___ can lead to anopia in ___

temporal lobe opposite upper quadrantic

bitemporal hemaniopsia lesion in

optic chism

left lower quadrantic anopia lesion in

right parietal lobe

left homonyous hemaniopia w macular sparing lesion in __

right occipital lobe

central scotoma due to __

macular degen

no light perception in eye damage to ___

optic nerve

diplopia, dyarthria, dysphagia, flaccid paralysis dx is ___ post __

botulism | honey

sprained ankles, calf atrophy, hammer toes, sensory loss, palpable peripheral nerves Dx is ___ aka hereditary __

charcot marie tooth | motor sensry neuro

4 yr old, awakes w screaming, inconsolable, no memory of it dx is ___

night terrors

slow growing, midline tumor dx is ___

meningioma

rapid dementia, startle myoclonus, hypokinesia, atazia/nystagmus dx is ___ __ changes __ protein in CSF mri w flare in __/___

CJD spongiform 14-3-3 putamen/caudate

Pediatric cerebellar tumor dx is -_

medulloblastoma

boy, self mutiliating, mitral regurg, chorea, high uric acid dx is ____ mutation in ____

lesch nyhan HGPRT

port wine stain in V1 divisio, seizure, mitral regurg, hemiparesis, glaucoma dx is ____

sturge weber

hamartomas of skin/CNS, ash leaf spot, adenoma sebaceum, mitral regurg dx is ___ inheritance chromosome

TS AD 16

cavernous hemangiomas in skin, bilateral RCC, hemangioblastoma of brain stem/cerebeullum, pheochromocytoma dx is ___ inheritance gene on ___

vHL AD 3

vision probs, HTN, no pain sluggish to direct light pale fundus/cherry red macula dx is __

central retinal artery occlusion

sudden onset floating visual problem peripheral first dx is ____

retinal detachment

acute visual loss, lots of pain HA, red eye, mid dilated fxed pupil dx is ___

acute angle closure glaucoma

abrupt onset painful visual loss, hemorrhage, cotton wool spot dx is ___

central retinal vein occluson

sudden onset vertigo in specific positions, otolith in SCC dx is ___ tx w ___

BPV | epley

tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo dx is ___ inc ___ damaging hair cells

menieres dz | endolymphatic fluid

unilateral hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo dx is _____/___ bilateral in ___

acoustic neuroma/vestibular schwanomma NF2

Neurosciences Flashcards

(73 cards)