Newborn conditions Flashcards
(21 cards)
Which vitamin is important to the newborn?
Vitamin K
What can persistent obstructive jaundice and vitamin K deficiency result in?
Vitamin K deficiency and persistent obstructive jaundice can lead to poor synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors and subsequent bleeding, which ranges from minor bruises to intracranial haemorrhage
Is breast milk or formula milk more rich in vitamin K?
Formula milk is richer in Vitamin K.
Breast-fed babies require 3 oral doses of Vitamin K or IM, at birth, 1 and 6 weeks.
What are babies with IUGR at risk of in their first few days of life? Why?
Babies with IUGR are at risk of hypoglycaemia and hypothermia due to low glycogen stores and lack of subcutaneous fat.
What are the causes of IUGR?
Multiple pregnancy Placental insufficiency Maternal smoking Congenital infections, such as TORCHS Genetic syndromes like Down's syndrome
Define Asphyxia
Asphyxia is a condition arising when the body is deprived of oxygen, causing unconciousness or death
What are the situations that will require immediate resuscitation?
Prematurity Fetal distress Thick meconium staining of the liquor Emergency Caesarean section Instrumental delivery Known congenital abnormality Multiple births
What is the cause of Respiratory distress syndrome in neonates?
RDS results from deficiency of surfactant production
Who are at risk of RDS?
- Premature neonates
- Infants delivered via Caesarean section without maternal labour
- Maternal diabetes
- Hypothermia
- Perinatal asphyxia
- FHx of RDS
What are the signs of the CXR suggesting RDS?
Ground-glass appearance/atelectasis
Hypoinflation
Air bronchogram
What is the management of babies with RDS?
Supplementary oxygen via CPAP
Intubation: Endotracheal tube for administration of protein-free synthetic surfactant
What is given to pregnant mothers at risk of having a baby with RDS?
Corticosteroids, betamethasone, given 24 hours before delivery
What is the cause of transient tachypnoea of the new-born?
TTN is due to delay in foetal lung fluid absorption
After how long will TTN usually resolve by itself? What is done if it doesn’t?
TTN usually resolves within 72 hours after birth.
Nasal CPAP if required
What are the risk of TTN?
TTN usually presents in mothers with prolonged second stage of labour, or when the baby is delivered by C-section without ROM, maternal asthma and smoking, prematurity.
What are the signs of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome?
Meconium Aspiration syndrome can give rise to coarse breath sounds and meconium show during delivery.
CXR reveals irregular infiltrates, hyperinflation and in severe cases, lobar consolidation
Why will meconium be passed into the amniotic fluid?
What will this result in?
Meconium is usually passed into the amniotic fluid when there is significant fetal distress or in post-term babies.
This can result in Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
What is an important red flag sign indicative of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome?
Meconium in show
What does a CXR reveal in a baby with Meconium Aspiration Syndrome?
Irregular infiltrates, hyperinflation, and in severe cases, lobar consolidation
What can cause meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) be aspirated by the infant in utero or during birth?
Deep irregular respiration or gasping, associated with fetal hypoxia either in utero or during labour can cause aspiration of MSAF.
Which babies are at higher risk of MAS?
Neonates experiencing significant fetal distress or post-term babies
