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Flashcards in Rashes Deck (23)
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1
Q

What is suspected if parents come in with a child complaining of cough and conjunctivitis that started 3 days after the onset of a rash?

A

Measles

2
Q

What is suspected in a child with abdominal pain, a rash, and joint pain and swelling?

A

HSP - Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

3
Q

What is suspected if the child is lethargic, have bleeding gums and a rash?

A

Leukemia

4
Q

What is suspected if there is a rash, conjunctivitis, and a fever for more than 5 days?

A

Kawasaki’s disease

5
Q

What are cafe-au-lait spots?

A

Cafe-au-lait spots are macules (flat light brown lesions)

6
Q

What conditions are cafe-au-lait spots associated with?

A

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and McCune-Albright syndrome

7
Q

What is the incubation period of Measles?

A

10-14 days

8
Q

When is the infectious period of Measles?

A

2-3 days before onset of rash and 4-5 days after rash disappears

9
Q

What are the prodromal signs in Measles?

When will they present?

A

Koplik Spots
High fever
3 “C”s: Cough, Coryza and Conjunctivitis

These present 3 days before onset of rash.

10
Q

What are the complications of Measles?

A
  1. Secondary bacterial infection: such as otitis media and pneumonia
  2. Acute Measles Postinfectious Encephalitis: Develops 7-10 days after rash fades
  3. Subacute Sclerosing Pan-encephalitis (SSPE): develops 6-10 years after Measles infection resolves
11
Q

Who are at higher risk of developing SSPE as a complication of Measles infection?

A

Toddlers infected with Measles at <2 years old are more at risk

12
Q

What are the 3 P’s of small vessel vasculitis?

These signs and symptoms are also seen in HSP.

A

Painful, palpable, purpura

13
Q

What is HSP?

A

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura is an IgA-mediated autoimmune hypersensitivity vasculitis condition that cause small vessels in the skin, joint, intestines and kidneys to leak.

14
Q

Who commonly presents with HSP?

A

Children aged 2-11 years old.

15
Q

Describe the distribution of the purpura in HSP.

A

Painful palpable purpura seen with symmetrical distribution, spread mainly over the buttocks and the back of legs.
Within 24 hours, the petechiae will coalesce and form slightly raised purpuric lesions.

16
Q

HSP commonly occurs after?

A

HSP commonly occurs after an infection, especially an Upper RTI.

17
Q

Which immunoglobulin is often raised in HSP?

A

IgA

18
Q

What is ITP? What commonly precedes ITP and for by how long?

A

ITP - Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura.
This is an autoimmune condition where antibodies are produced against platelets.
Usually occurs 2-3 weeks after an infection.

19
Q

Who are commonly affected by ITP?

A

Children aged 5-6 years old.

20
Q

What is advised to children who are diagnosed with ITP?

A

Children are advised not to take part in contact sports as they are more likely to bleed with minor injuries.

21
Q

How is ITP in adults different from ITP in children?

A

In adults, ITP manifests more gradually and it is usually a chronic condition. It may not be preceded by an infection.
In children, ITP often manifest 2-3 weeks after an infection (occassionally after immunisation). It usually resolves within 6-8 weeks.

22
Q

What is the most common cause of impetigo?

A

Staphylococcus Aureus infection.

23
Q

How long does most cases of impetigo take to resolve?

A

Usually resolve within 2-3 weeks