NMDF121_Week5_AminoAcids_Flashcards

Question 1

How many amino acids build proteins in the body?

Answer 1

20 amino acids

Question 2

Where does the blueprint for amino acids come from?

Answer 2

DNA

Question 3

What gives an amino acid its unique properties?

Answer 3

Its side chain structure

Question 4

What are the 3 Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs)?

Answer 4

Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine

Question 5

Which BCAA drives protein synthesis?

Answer 5

Leucine

Question 6

Which amino acids bypass liver processing and go to muscles?

Answer 6

BCAAs (Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine)

Question 7

Main food sources of BCAAs?

Answer 7

Meat, dairy, eggs, legumes

Question 8

Which amino acid calms the nervous system and makes glutathione?

Answer 8

Glycine

Question 9

Which amino acid is essential for collagen formation?

Answer 9

Proline

Question 10

Which nutrients are needed with proline for collagen formation?

Answer 10

Vitamin C and iron

Question 11

What amino acid helps recycle glucose between muscle and liver?

Answer 11

Alanine

Question 12

Clinical use of β-alanine supplements?

Answer 12

Enhances exercise recovery by buffering acidity

Question 13

Which amino acid helps fight viral infections?

Answer 13

Lysine

Question 14

Which amino acid supports nitric oxide production?

Answer 14

Arginine

Question 15

Which amino acid creates serotonin and melatonin?

Answer 15

Tryptophan

Question 16

Tryptophan supplements to treat depression?

Answer 16

5-HTP (needs caution with SSRIs)

Question 17

Main neurotransmitters made from Phenylalanine?

Answer 17

Dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline

Question 18

Main neurotransmitters and hormones made from Tyrosine?

Answer 18

Thyroid hormones, melanin, dopamine, adrenaline

Question 19

Most abundant amino acid in the body?

Answer 19

Glutamine

Question 20

What does glutamine do in the gut?

Answer 20

Supports intestinal cell growth and immunity

Question 21

Which amino acid acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter?

Answer 21

Glutamate

Question 22

Glutamate converts into which calming neurotransmitter?

Answer 22

GABA

Question 23

What nutrient is needed for GABA synthesis?

Answer 23

Vitamin B6

Question 24

Main amino acid in bile salt production and detox support?

Answer 24

Taurine

Question 25

What is SAMe and which amino acid makes it?

Answer 25

S-adenosyl methionine, made from Methionine

Question 26

High homocysteine increases risk of what diseases?

Answer 26

Cardiovascular disease, depression, infertility, cancer

Question 27

Which nutrients lower homocysteine?

Answer 27

Folate (B9), B12, B6

Question 28

Main antioxidant created from Glycine, Glutamate, Cysteine?

Answer 28

Glutathione (GSH)

Question 29

Supplemental form of cysteine used clinically?

Answer 29

N-acetyl cysteine (NAC)

Question 30

Condition linked to phenylalanine metabolism disorder?

Answer 30

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 31

Where is most serotonin in the body produced?

Answer 31

In the gut (microbiota)

Question 32

What neurotransmitters are derived from tyrosine?

Answer 32

Dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline

Question 33

Primary antioxidant roles of glutathione?

Answer 33

DNA repair, detoxification, antioxidant protection

Question 34

Glycine functions?

Answer 34

Calms nerves, antioxidant, supports sleep

Question 35

Clinical uses of taurine?

Answer 35

Anxiety, antioxidant, bile salts, liver detoxification

Question 36

Clinical use of arginine?

Answer 36

Supports blood pressure and circulation via nitric oxide

Question 37

NAC use in respiratory conditions?

Answer 37

Helps COPD, pneumonia, mucolytic action

Question 38

Effect of leucine on insulin?

Answer 38

Stimulates insulin secretion

Question 39

What amino acid is crucial for myelin and gene expression?

Answer 39

Methionine (via SAMe)

Question 40

Why is beta-alanine used by athletes?

Answer 40

Buffers acidity in muscles, delays fatigue

Question 41

Disease caused by defective BCAA metabolism?

Answer 41

Maple Syrup Urine Disease

Question 42

What amino acid is used to synthesise the neurotransmitter serotonin and the vitamin niacin?

Answer 42

Tryptophan

Question 43

Depression and insomnia may be due to inadequate intake of

Answer 43

Tryptophan

Question 44

The transfer of one carbon groups (CH3) between compounds is known as

Answer 44

Methylation

Question 45

The molecule glutathione is not: A sulphur-based compound A tripeptide A hormone An antioxidant compound

Answer 45

A hormone

Question 46

Someone with hypothyroidism may benefit from increased intake of: Glutamine Tyrosine Coconut oil Threonine

Answer 46

Tyrosine

Question 47

S-adenosyl-methionine is the major carrier in the body of Hydrogens ATP Methyl groups Electrons

Answer 47

Methyl groups

Question 48

Hyperhomocysteinaemia may indicate all of the following except Decreased risk of cardiovascular disease Low folate and vitamin B12 status Too much homocysteine in the blood

Answer 48

Decreased risk of cardiovascular disease

Question 49

β-alanine is useful for athletes because it Removes ammonia and recycles glucose Is a good source of energy Cannot be metabolised to ATP

Answer 49

Removes ammonia and recycles glucose Is a good source of energy

Question 50

GABA is a neurotransmitter that can be made from

Answer 50

Glutamine using B6

Question 51

Glutamine is the primary fuel for

Answer 51

Enterocytes and leukocytes

Question 52

Which of the following would be most useful for body building? Phenylalanine Methionine Leucine Tryptophan

Answer 52

Leucine

Question 53

Which of the following proteins does NOT contain zinc?... Metallothionein (MT) Glutathione (GSH) Superoxide dismutase (SOD1) Insulin

Answer 53

Glutathione (GSH)

Question 54

Which trace element is part of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase?

Answer 54

Selenium