Nociception

Question 1

________: itch

Answer 1

Pruritis: itch

Question 2

Test for Spinocervicothalamic Pathway

Answer 2

Light and brief pinching of the skin

Question 3

__________ fibers innervates both superficial and deep pain pathways

Answer 3

Both fibers innervates both superficial and deep pain pathways

Question 4

Chronic pain produces long term changes that create (greater/lesser) sensitivity to stimuli

Answer 4

Chronic pain produces long term changes that create (greater/lesser) sensitivity to stimuli

______________

Chronic pain patients become more painful over time

Question 5

____________: indescriminant ascending nociceptive pathway

Answer 5

Spinoreticular Pathway: indescriminant ascending nociceptive pathway

Question 6

T/F: General Visceral Afferents (GVA) are very descriminant

Answer 6

False

Question 7

________ pain resulting from injury of the nervous system

Answer 7

Neuropathic pain resulting from injury of the nervous system

Question 8

_________________ change body chemistry to decrease pain pathway.

Answer 8

Descending Modulatory Pathway change body chemistry to decrease pain pathway.

Question 9

Neuropathic pain and dysesthesia mainifest as __________ in veterinary medicine.

Answer 9

Neuropathic pain and dysesthesia mainifest as self-mutilation in veterinary medicine.

Question 10

Subcortical stimulation by the spinoreticular pathway provides __________ to pain

Answer 10

Subcortical stimulation by the spinoreticular pathway provides emotional response to pain

Question 11

___________: control pain by augmenting descedning modulating systems.

Answer 11

Opiods and Alpha-Adrenergics: control pain by augmenting descedning modulating systems.

Question 12

____________: discriminate ascending nociceptive pathway.

Answer 12

Spinocervicothalamic Pathway: discriminate ascending nociceptive pathway.

Question 13

___________: control pain by inhibiting spinal cord sensitization

Answer 13

NMDA Inhibitors: control pain by inhibiting spinal cord sensitization

Question 14

Pain reception is (voluntary/involuntary)

Answer 14

Pain reception is (voluntary/involuntary)

Question 15

Somatic structure ratio of A delta : C fibers

Answer 15

1:2

_______________

descriminant

Question 16

__________: decreased perception of pain

Answer 16

Hypoalgesia: decreased perception of pain

Question 17

Test for the Spinoreticular tract

Answer 17

Pinch nail bed

Question 18

___________: neurons that respond to noxious and non-noxious stimuli, associated with referred pain

Answer 18

Wid-Dynamic Range (WDR): neurons that respond to noxious and non-noxious stimuli, associated with referred pain

Question 19

Nociceptive fiber types

Answer 19

A delta Fibers

C Fibers

Question 20

____________: use gate control theory to control pain

Answer 20

Water therapy, Massage, Acupuncture: use gate control theory to control pain

Question 21

Bradykinin, Serotonin and Potassium (stimulate/inhibit) nociceptors

Answer 21

Bradykinin, Serotonin and Potassium (stimulate/inhibit) nociceptors

Question 22

Visceral structure A delta : C fiber

Answer 22

1:10

_________________

mostly dull/throbbing indescriminate pain

Question 23

__________: persist beyond expected time frame for a given disease/injury, usually present for longer than 3-6 months

Answer 23

Chronic Pain: persist beyond expected time frame for a given disease/injury, usually present for longer than 3-6 months

Question 24

___________: non-noxious stimulation can help reduce perception of pain

Answer 24

Gate Control Theory: non-noxious stimulation can help reduce perception of pain

Question 25

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ fibers are fast conducting and myelinated. Responsible for sharp, prickling pain.

Answer 25

**A delta** fibers are fast conducting and myelinated. Responsible for sharp, prickling pain.

Question 26

Spinocervicothalamic Pathway = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 26

Spinocervicothalamic Pathway = **Superficial Pain Pathway**

Question 27

Spinoreticular Pathway = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 27

Spinoreticular Pathway = **Deep Pain Pathway**

Question 28

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: modulate/ prevent the transduction of nociceptor

Answer 28

**NSAID's**: modulate/ prevent the transduction of nociceptor

Question 29

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is associated with inflammation and increases sensitivity of nocicepters, contribute to development of hyperalgesia and allodynia.

Answer 29

**Substance P** is associated with inflammation and increases sensitivity of nocicepters, contribute to development of hyperalgesia and allodynia.

Question 30

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: detection of noxious stimuli through activation of nociceptors

Answer 30

**Nociception**: detection of noxious stimuli through activation of nociceptors

Question 31

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: non-noxious stimuli activates nociceptors

Answer 31

**Allodynia**: non-noxious stimuli activates nociceptors

Question 32

Prostaglandins and leukotrienes (increase/decrease) the threshold of nociceptors

Answer 32

Prostaglandins and leukotrienes (increase/**decrease**) the threshold of nociceptors

Question 33

Describe the Spinoreticular Pathway

Answer 33

Primary Afferent → Dorsal Horn → **Dorsolateral fasiculus → ventral/lateral funicululi** → Reticular formation → 1. Cortical or 2. Subcortical \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **Many decussations occur in this area**

Question 34

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: unpleasant sensation associated with neuropathic pain.

Answer 34

**Dysenthesia**: unpleasant sensation associated with neuropathic pain.

Question 35

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: absence of all sensory perception, decreased cortical perception of pain but pain is still occuring.

Answer 35

**Anesthesia**: absence of all sensory perception, decreased cortical perception of pain but pain is still occuring.

Question 36

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is responsible for awakeness and alertness. Link between sensory stimulation and arousal

Answer 36

**ARAS** is responsible for awakeness and alertness. Link between sensory stimulation and arousal

Question 37

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: interfere with conduction of nociceptor stimuli at the CNS

Answer 37

**Local Blocks, Anesthesia**: interfere with conduction of nociceptor stimuli at the CNS

Question 38

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: complete absence of pain perception

Answer 38

**Analgesia**: complete absence of pain perception

Question 39

Connection of pain pathways to the __________ ensures negative emotional response to pain.

Answer 39

Connection of pain pathways to the **limbic system** ensures negative emotional response to pain.

Question 40

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: controls pain by decreasing perception of pain, should not be sole treatment.

Answer 40

**Sedation**: controls pain by decreasing perception of pain, should not be sole treatment.

Question 41

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: target WDA and NMDA receptors to decrease amplified nervous system stimulation to pain pathway.

Answer 41

**Wind Up**: target WDA and NMDA receptors to decrease amplified nervous system stimulation to pain pathway.

Question 42

Describe the Spinocervicothalamic Pathway

Answer 42

Primary Afferent → Dorsal Horn → Lateral funiculus → Lateral cervical nucleus (deccussation) → **Medial Lemniscus → Thalamus → Cortex** \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **Occurs contralaterally**

Question 43

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: arises from trauma or inflammation

Answer 43

**Acute Pain**: arises from trauma or inflammatio

Question 44

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ occurs at skin and mucous membranes. Thought to be due to subsets of A delta and C fibers.

Answer 44

**Pruritis** occurs at skin and mucous membranes. Thought to be due to subsets of A delta and C fibers.

Question 45

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ fibers are slow conducting and unmyelinated. Responsible for burning or throbbing pain.

Answer 45

**C** fibers are slow conducting and unmyelinated. Responsible for burning or throbbing pain.