Non-cardiac/hypertinsive/GU/endocrine

Question 1

What is the most common cause of diabetic emergencies?

Answer 1

Infection (most commonly pneumonia)

Question 2

What hormone is deficient in Diabetes Insipidus?

Answer 2

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 3

What is the hallmark breathing pattern in DKA?

Answer 3

Kussmaul respirations

Question 4

What is the first-line treatment for hypoglycemia?

Answer 4

Oral glucose if conscious, Dextrose IV or Glucagon IM if altered

Question 5

What are the 3 Ps of hyperglycemia?

Answer 5

Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia

Question 6

Which endocrine emergency has a 100% mortality rate if untreated?

Answer 6

Thyroid Storm

Question 7

What is a classic sign of myxedema coma?

Answer 7

Hypothermia, bradycardia, altered mental status

Question 8

What treatment is given first in alcoholic ketoacidosis?

Answer 8

Thiamine IV

Question 9

What adrenal disorder presents with hypotension and salt craving?

Answer 9

Addisonian Crisis

Question 10

What are the hallmark signs of Cushing’s Syndrome?

Answer 10

Central obesity, buffalo hump, moon face, thin skin

Question 11

What is the most common bacterial cause of UTI?

Answer 11

Escherichia coli (E. coli)

Question 12

Which UTI type involves the kidneys?

Answer 12

Pyelonephritis

Question 13

What is a common cause of urinary retention in elderly men?

Answer 13

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Question 14

What are the three stages of acute renal failure?

Answer 14

Pre-renal, Renal (Intrinsic), Post-renal

Question 15

What metabolic abnormality leads to kidney stones?

Answer 15

Build-up of calcium, uric acid, or struvite

Question 16

What is the most common cause of acute renal failure?

Answer 16

Acute Tubular Necrosis

Question 17

What is the primary function of dialysis?

Answer 17

To substitute the glomeruli and filter plasma

Question 18

What electrolyte abnormality is an emergent indication for dialysis?

Answer 18

Hyperkalemia

Question 19

What is a potential complication during dialysis?

Answer 19

Hypotension and dialysis disequilibrium syndrome

Question 20

Which population is at higher risk for complicated UTIs?

Answer 20

Nursing home residents, immunocompromised patients

Question 21

What abdominal condition classically presents with RLQ pain and fever?

Answer 21

Appendicitis

Question 22

What quadrant is typically painful in cholecystitis?

Answer 22

Right Upper Quadrant

Question 23

What condition causes LLQ pain and bright red rectal bleeding?

Answer 23

Diverticulitis

Question 24

What is the most common cause of upper GI bleeding?

Answer 24

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Question 25

Which abdominal emergency has a high mortality if ruptured?

Answer 25

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Question 26

What causes Cullen and Grey-Turner signs?

Answer 26

Acute Pancreatitis

Question 27

What is the gold standard for diagnosing AAA?

Answer 27

CT scan

Question 28

Which sign is specific for appendicitis?

Answer 28

Psoas Sign

Question 29

Which metabolic disorder causes abdominal pain, vomiting, and dehydration?

Answer 29

DKA

Question 30

What are common triggers of ulcerative colitis flares?

Answer 30

Unknown, but involves inflammation of the colon

Question 31

What is Beck’s triad in pericardial tamponade?

Answer 31

Hypotension, JVD, muffled heart tones

Question 32

What is a hallmark EKG finding in pericarditis?

Answer 32

ST elevation in all leads and PR depression

Question 33

What does a pulmonary embolism classically present with?

Answer 33

Sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, tachycardia

Question 34

Which chest pain condition is relieved by leaning forward?

Answer 34

Pericarditis

Question 35

What causes pulsus paradoxus?

Answer 35

Cardiac tamponade

Question 36

What is the classic sign of aortic dissection?

Answer 36

Sudden tearing chest pain radiating to the back

Question 37

What are S1Q3T3 changes indicative of?

Answer 37

Pulmonary Embolism

Question 38

Which disorder mimics a heart attack but is GI related?

Answer 38

GERD

Question 39

What causes esophageal rupture?

Answer 39

Boerhaave Syndrome – forceful vomiting

Question 40

Which condition has pain that follows dermatomes and doesn’t cross midline?

Answer 40

Herpes Zoster

Question 41

What is a complication of untreated HHNKS?

Answer 41

Severe dehydration and high mortality rate

Question 42

What are common triggers for thyroid storm?

Answer 42

Stress, infection, stroke, MI, trauma

Question 43

What is the most dangerous type of aortic tear?

Answer 43

Ascending aortic dissection

Question 44

What ECG sign is suggestive of PE?

Answer 44

S1Q3T3 pattern

Question 45

Which metabolic condition can mimic stroke symptoms?

Answer 45

Hypoglycemia

Question 46

What hormone is deficient in Addisonian crisis?

Answer 46

Cortisol and aldosterone

Question 47

What medication must be given before dextrose in alcoholic ketoacidosis?

Answer 47

Thiamine

Question 48

What is the primary hormone elevated in Cushing's Syndrome?

Answer 48

Cortisol

Question 49

What sign involves JVD increasing during inspiration?

Answer 49

Kussmaul's Sign

Question 50

What causes hyperkalemia in renal failure?

Answer 50

Inability to excrete potassium

Question 51

What EKG finding is seen in pericardial tamponade?

Answer 51

Electrical alternans

Question 52

What is the most common endocrine disorder in the elderly?

Answer 52

Hypothyroidism

Question 53

What is the key treatment for myxedema coma?

Answer 53

Warming, dextrose, and hormone replacement

Question 54

What can trigger adrenal crisis in a patient on steroids?

Answer 54

Sudden withdrawal or stress without dose adjustment

Question 55

What is the cause of barotrauma chest pain?

Answer 55

Rapid pressure changes causing alveolar rupture

Question 56

What type of pain is reproducible with palpation?

Answer 56

Chest wall (musculoskeletal) pain

Question 57

What condition is described as substernal pain relieved by leaning forward?

Answer 57

Pericarditis

Question 58

What infectious condition causes dermatomal chest pain?

Answer 58

Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

Question 59

What GI disorder presents with chest pain after meals?

Answer 59

GERD

Question 60

What are the signs of esophageal rupture?

Answer 60

Substernal pain, SQ emphysema, crunching heart sounds

Question 61

What abdominal organ is most commonly affected by alcohol?

Answer 61

Pancreas (pancreatitis) Liver

Question 62

What condition causes epigastric pain radiating to the back?

Answer 62

Pancreatitis

Question 63

What are signs of aortic dissection on physical exam?

Answer 63

Unequal BP, pulses, and neurological findings

Question 64

What is a saddle embolus?

Answer 64

A large PE blocking both pulmonary arteries

Question 65

What condition causes acute upper airway swelling in hypothyroidism?

Answer 65

Myxedema coma

Question 66

What electrolyte disturbance can worsen DKA?

Answer 66

Hypokalemia

Question 67

What sign indicates impending tamponade?

Answer 67

Narrow pulse pressure with muffled heart sounds

Question 68

What is the treatment goal for thyroid storm?

Answer 68

Block hormone effects and reduce hormone levels

Question 69

What psychiatric symptoms may appear in hypothyroidism?

Answer 69

Depression, dementia, psychosis

Question 70

What cardiac rhythm is most common in thyroid storm?

Answer 70

Atrial fibrillation

Question 71

What endocrine disorder can lead to a coma from cold exposure?

Answer 71

Myxedema coma

Question 72

What blood sugar level defines HHNKS?

Answer 72

Greater than 600 mg/dL

Question 73

What is the primary difference between DKA and HHNKS?

Answer 73

DKA has ketones and acidosis, HHNKS does not

Question 74

What is the emergency treatment for adrenal crisis?

Answer 74

Dexamethasone, fluids, dextrose

Question 75

What are the classic signs of hypoglycemia?

Answer 75

Cold, clammy skin, altered mental status, seizures