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Aircraft Dispatch > Non-Graphic Weather > Flashcards

Non-Graphic Weather Flashcards

1
Q

Define prevailing visibility

A

Greatest distance at which objects can be seen and identified through at least half the horizon circle, which need not be continuous.

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2
Q

Where is Runway Visual Range (RVR) measured from?

A

RVR is measured from touchdown point of the runway.

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3
Q

When is RVR reported?

A

When visibility is less than 1 SM and/or visibility is 6,000 FT or less

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4
Q

What does the acronym CAVOK stand for and what does the term mean?

A

Ceiling and Visibility OK
- Visibility is 10 KM or more
-No clouds below 5,000 FT
-There are no cumulonimbus clouds
-No specific weather phenomena

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5
Q

What does ALQDS mean?

A

All quadrants

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6
Q

How are significant weather changes in a METAR disseminated?

A

A SPECI (non-routine aviation report) is issued

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7
Q

What is calm wind on a METAR?

A

less than 3 KTS

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8
Q

What is calm wind on a TAF?

A

3 KTS or less

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9
Q

Define Gust

A

a variation in wind speed of at least 10 KTS

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10
Q

What is VC and what is it applied to?

A

VC= Vicinity
Between 5 and 10 SM of the point of observation

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11
Q

Define BL?

A

Blowing.

Shall be used when dust, sand, snow is raised by the wind to a height of 6 FT or more

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12
Q

Define DR

A

Drifting

Shall be used when dust, sand, snow is raised by the wind to a height of less than 6 FT

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13
Q

Define Precipitation

A

Any form of water particles, whether solid or liquid, that fall from the atmosphere and reach the ground

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14
Q

When is a SPECI issued?

A

When there is a significant change of weather, which could mean that conditions are either deteriorating or improving

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15
Q

AUTO identifies a METAR as _____

A

An automated report, no human intervention/augmentation

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16
Q

The wind on a METAR is referenced to _____ north

A

True north

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17
Q

How is 30005MPS read on a METAR?

A

Wind three zero zero at five meters per second

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18
Q

Decode M1/4 SM visibility

A

Visibility less than 1/4 statute mile

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19
Q

Decode 9999 visibility

A

Visibility greater than 10 KM

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20
Q

Decode the following R04/P6000FT

A

Runway zero four visual range more than 6,000 FT

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21
Q

Decode the following R02C/0800U

A

Runway zero two center visual range 800 meters trending up

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22
Q

FG is used to indicate fog restricing visibility to less than _____.

A

5/8 SM

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23
Q

BR is used to indicate mist restricting visibility from _____ to _____ and is never coded with a descriptor.

A

5/8 SM to 6 SM

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24
Q

Decode VV000

A

Vertical visibility less than one hundred feet

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25
Q

Define ceiling

A
  1. Height above Earth’s surface where the lowest cloud base or obscuring phenomena aloft is classified as broken or overcast.
  2. Vertical visibility into a surface-based total obscuration
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26
Q

Phenomena within _____ SM of the station will be reported as at the station.

A

5 SM

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27
Q

Phenomena beyond _____ will be reported as distant, _____.

A

10 SM, DSNT

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28
Q

Decode the following: Tornado B13 DSNT NE

A

Tornado began 13 min past the hour to the distant northeast

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29
Q

Decode the following:
PK WND 28045/1955

A

Peak wind, 280º at 45 knots, occurred at 1955Z

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30
Q

Define wind shift

A

A change in wind direction of 45º or more in less than 15 minutes with sustained winds of 10 KTS or more

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31
Q

What is IMC?

A

Instrument Meteorological Conditions
Ceiling < 1000’ and/or Visibility < 3 SM

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32
Q

What is the difference between FG and BR?

A

Mist restricts visibility to between 1/2 and 6 SM, Fog restricts visibility to less than 1/2 SM

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33
Q

What contractions are used for the frequency of lightning?

A

OCNL - occasional, FRQ - frequent, CONS - continuous

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34
Q

Define VIRGA

A

Precipitation that falls from a cloud but evaporates before reaching the ground. Common in the western part of the US.

35
Q

What is a CBMAM cloud?

A

Cumulonimbus mammatus.
-Results from violent up-and-downdrafts –Indicates possible severe or greater turbulence
-Often spotted in advance of tornadic activity

36
Q

Decode APRNT ROTOR CLD S

A

Apparent rotor cloud to the south
-Indicates mountain wave activity, expect turbulence

37
Q

Decode SNINCR 2/10

A

Snow increasing rapidly, snow depth increased 2” in past hr. 10” snow on ground.

38
Q

What are the four intensities of turbulence?

A

Light, moderate, severe, extreme

39
Q

What are the four intensities/severities of icing?

A

Trace, light, moderate, severe

40
Q

How often are TAFs scheduled and how long are they valid?

A

Four times daily, valid for either 24 or 30 hours

41
Q

What is a Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF)?

A

A TAF is a concise statement of the expected meteorological conditions at an airport during a specified period.

42
Q

What is 00000KT on a TAF?

A

Calm wind, 3 knots or less

43
Q

How is a significant, permanent change in existing conditions during the valid period indicated in a TAF?

A

By forecast change groups FM (FroM) and BECMG (BECoMinG)

44
Q

What does a Convective SIGMET (WST) imply?

A

Severe or greater turbulence, severe icing and low level wind shear

45
Q

What is a SIGMET?

A

An in-flight aviation weather advisory that advises of non-convective weather that is potentially hazardous to all aircraft
-Severe icing
-Severe or greater turbulence not associated with thunderstorms
-Widespread dust and sand storms
-Volcanic ash

46
Q

What is an AIRMET?

A

An advisory of significant weather phenomena at intensities lower than those which trigger SIGMETs

47
Q

What is an AIRMET SIERRA?

A

A bulletin for IFR and mountain obscurations

48
Q

What is an AIRMET TANGO?

A

A bulletin for moderate turbulence, sustained surface winds of 30 knots or greater, and non-convective low-level wind shear

49
Q

What is an AIRMET ZULU?

A

A bulletin for moderate icing and freezing level heights

50
Q

How often are winds and temperature aloft forecasts (FB) made?

A

Four times daily

51
Q

What information is ommitted from a FB?

A
  1. Winds within 1,500’ of station elevation
  2. Temperatures in the 3,000 FT level or any level within 2,500 FT of station elevation.
52
Q

When the forecast speed is less than 5 knots on a FB, the coded group is 9900 and read as _____.

A

Winds light and variable

53
Q

To legally depart under IFR _____.

A

The reported weather at the departure airport is at or above the takeoff minimums.

54
Q

How is Q1013 read?

A

QNH one zero one three

55
Q

To legally dispatch under IFR to the the destination _____.

A

The indicated weather at the destination airport at the ETA must be at or above landing minimums

56
Q

To legally file an airport as an alternate airport for the destination _____.

A

The indicated weather at the alternate airport at the ETA must be at or above alternate minimums.

57
Q

Indicated weather includes what?

A

Reports, forecasts, or a combination of the two

58
Q

In the U.S. TAFs are scheduled ____.

A

Four times daily

59
Q

What does AMD NOT SKED mean?

A

Observations are limited during certain hours

60
Q

Winds are reference to _____ north

A

True

61
Q

_____ clouds are the only cloud type forecast in TAFs.

A

Cumulonimbus

62
Q

Decode WS020/25040KT

A

Wind shear 2,000’ above the surface, wind 250 at 40KT

63
Q

Decode TX08/14Z TNM01/02Z

A

Maximum temperature 8℃ at 1400Z, Minimum temperature -1℃ at 0200Z

64
Q

A significant permanent change in existing conditions in the TAF is indicated by the change groups _____ or _____.

A

FM (rapid) or BECMG (gradual)

65
Q

Decode this information from a winds and temperatures aloft forecast (FB): 859955

A

Winds 350º at 199 knots or greater, temperature -55℃

66
Q

Decode this information from an FB: 9900

A

Winds light and variable (less than 5 knots)

67
Q

Decode M03/M03. What is the spread?

A

Temperature -3℃, dew point -3℃.

The spread is 0℃

68
Q

Decode SLP101

A

10.1
___10.1
Sea level pressure 1010.1 mb

69
Q

In the remarks section of a TAF, what does P0000 signify?

A

Less than one-hundredth of an inch of precipitation in the last hour

70
Q

Center Weather Servicie Unit products are issued by the CWSU meteorologists located in the _____.

A

ARTCCs (Air Route Traffic Control Centers)

71
Q

A _____ is a sudden increase in wind speed of at least 16 kt, lasting at least one minute

A

Squall

72
Q

3 lightning occurences

A
  • Occasional
  • Frequent
  • Continuous
73
Q

Light turbulence is also known as _____

A

Light chop

74
Q

Turbulence can be described as _____, _____, _____, and _____

A

Light, moderate, servere, extreme

75
Q

Decode WST

A

Convective Sigmet

76
Q

What area(s) are covered in a WST?

A

The contiguous 48

77
Q

How often are WST’s issued?

A

Hourly, valid for 2 hours. Has a 2-6 hour outlook included

78
Q

How are WST’s numbered?

A

Sequentially 01-99

79
Q

What are the 3 regions for WSTs?

A

West, Central, and East

80
Q

How long are Sigmet (WS) forecast periods?

A

4 hours

81
Q

How long are Airmet (WA) forecast periods?

A

6 hours

82
Q

Meteorological Impact Statement

A

Brief nontechnical discussion of meteorological events causing or expecting to cause a distruption

83
Q

How often are FBs issued?

A

4 times daily

Aircraft Dispatch (8 decks)

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