Non-Nominee Final Flashcards
(12 cards)
The Church Context
In the medeval (1000-1300) and early modern (14th to 17th century) periods in Europe the Catholic church was a primary power that sometimes rivaled kings and the fear of eternal punishment was real
Church Evidence
The Church was able to maintain strong belief in them by not being questioned
Galileo and Copernicus were scientists that made discoveries that went against the church and basis of religon, church tries to discredit them
Galileo made discoveries of 4 moons orbiting jupiter, tides in relation to motion of the earth, phases of Venus and Sunspots, which all supported Copernicus’ original theory of a heliocentric universe
Church issued an incdictment for Galileo threatened him with death and eternity in hell if he did not condem his own theory’s
Church Reasoning
church should not win award bc not only are they too popular to have their history erased and are basically dictating the recording of history themselbes and most important figures in their time period, erased other people’s history that was relevant to cultural change
Fransico Pizzaro/Hernan Cortes Context
Both Spanish Conquistadors Respectivley conquered the Inca and the Aztec
Pizzaro invaded Inca during the 1520s-1530s with a crew of 168 men
Cortez invaded Aztec before him in 1519 and conquered in 1521
Pizzaro and Hernan Cortes Evidence
When Pizzaro invaded Inca he portrayed them as simply inferior to him and his men because they did not have horses or steel, he also glorified his work by clamining there were 0 casualties when Inca had very advanced weaponry and that is very unlikely
Inca were very advanced in metal and created jewelry with a mix of gold and copper to help it hold its shape and beat off the outer covering of mixture for shine
advanced slings could break swords, would set rocks on fire and hurt Europeans
Rolled boulder down hill at horses not suited for geo
Hernan Cortes downplayed the support of Native Allies when defending city of Coyhuacan native Allies made gap in the causeways so soldiers could defend taken city from both sides but Spanish accounts largely ignore their aid
Spanish accounts of final battle say that Cuauhtemoc, the Aztec leader’s, canoe was stopped by threat of cannon fire and he along with his wife and 30 nobles were captured
Aztec account says that had already been planning to surrender and sailing toward Aztec for that purpose
Pizzaro and Hernan Cortes Reasoing
Don’t fit award bc they both did not have their history erased, in fact over glorified bc they are both remembered as great warriors but they erased the achievements and military capabilities of the Inca, the Aztec, and the Aztec’s tributary allies, all of which were highly relevant to the culture and memory of those societies
Aztec Tributary Alliance Context
The Aztec were a thriving society in modern day Mexico with their capitial of Tenochitlan is modern day Mexico City
They created a tributary alliance with their surrounding states that were weaker than them that in exchange for them not conquering those states they had to provide them with goods
Aztec Tributary Alliance evidence
States that were in this alliance included Ixtapalapan, Mizquic and Calhuacan
The Aztec requested manufactured goods from these states such as gold jewelry, cotton mantles and ceramics
bc they didn’t pay for them they could sell them for extremely low prices in Tenochitlan
bc everyone bought the goods in tenochitlan and not from the original makers it drove those makers into agricultural pursuits which provided food for the Aztec
Aztec Tributary Alliance Reasoning
The Aztec should not win this award because they are erasing the skills of these artisans and because they can no longer do their job they can no longer produce these goods which is taking away from the culture of their societies and the culture of the area as a whole
Haitian Revolution Context
The Haitian Revoultion began in 1791 and lasted until about 1804 when Haitian slaves declared Indepdence from the French
The Revoultion was lead by slaves and was the first successful slave rebellion in the Atlantic, slaves were revolting to gain freedom and be treated equally to their French masters or simply as people
Haitian Revolution Evidence
The Revoultion was not completley successful in bringing back the identities of Haitian slaves
Post revoultion the French demanded reparations for the loss of their labor force
Haiti was required to pay 150 million Francs, which is equivalent to 21 billion dollars to the French government in order to be considered an independent country
Haitians still had to work the plantations and all of their profits went to the French instead of their new hard earned country
We’re forced bc French ships waited outside borders to attack and it was the only way for them to participate in global trade
today Haiti is still the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere and 20% of their annual budget comes from foreign aid
U.S didn’t recognize Haiti as country until 1862 and even then treated it more as part of their political strategy
Haitian Revolution Reasoning
The Haitian Revolution does not deserve to win this award because it was not completely successful in rediscovering Haiti’s history making it celebrated to the world and even now Haiti struggles to be seen as successful
