Non-spore-forming, Branching, Aerobic

Question 1

Aerobic, branched, beaded gram + bacilli.

Answer 1

Nocardia

Question 2

T or F
Nocardia is strongly acid fast.

Answer 2

F- weakly acid fast

Question 3

Bacteria resembles to fungi

Answer 3

Nocardia

Question 4

Most common encountered spp. Of Nocardia.

Answer 4

N. brasiliensis
N. cyriacigeorgica
N. farcinica
N. nova

Question 5

Most prominent nocardia human pathogen.

Answer 5

Nocardia asteroides

Question 6

T or F
Nocardia has virulence factors

Answer 6

False- not have been identified

Question 7

The virulence of nocardia has been correlated with ___.

Answer 7

Alteration in the components of cell wall.

Question 8

Nocardia spp. Produce ____ and ____ that may provide resistance to oxidative killing phagocytes.

Answer 8

Superoxide dismutase
Catalase

Question 9

Nocardia produce chelating compound called?

Answer 9

Nocobactin

Question 10

Iron chelating compound able to use iron from our transferin

Answer 10

Nocobactin

Question 11

Two routes of Nocardiasis.

Answer 11

Pulmonary
Cutaneous

Question 12

Pulmonary infection cause by nocardia is primarily through

Answer 12

Inhaling dust or soil

Question 13

Majority of pulmonary infection is cause by ___.

Answer 13

N. asteroides

Question 14

Pulmonary infections are caused by what spp. Of Nocardia?

Answer 14

N. cyriacigeorgica
N. farcinica

Question 15

Common manifeststion of pulmonary infection cause by nocardia.

Answer 15

Confluent bronchopneumonia

Question 16

T or F
The sputum is thick and prulent in Pulmonary infection (nocardia).

Answer 16

True

Question 17

T or F
No sulfgranules in pulmonary infection cause by nocardia.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

No sulfgranules ( masses ofilamentous boud by ___)

Answer 18

Calcium phosphate

Question 19

It occurs after inoculation of organism into the skin or subcutaneous tissues.

Answer 19

Cutaneous infection

Question 20

The most common nocardia sp. That cause cutaneous infection

Answer 20

N. brasiliensis

Question 21

T or F
Cutaneous is cause by major trauma like laceration.

Answer 21

False- minor trauma (thorn or wood silver)

Question 22

The infection begins as localized. Subcutaneous abscess that is invasive and quite destructive of tissue and bones. Termed as ___.

Answer 22

Actinomycotic mecetomas

Question 23

Common cause of Actinomycotic mycetoma.

Answer 23

N. brasiliensis

Question 24

Bacteria: actinomycotic mycetoma
Fungi:

Answer 24

eumycotic mycetoma

Question 25

These are characterized by swelling, draining sinuses, and granules.

Answer 25

Mycetomas

Question 26

T or F Pus in mycetomas may be pigmented and contain sulfur granules (red)

Answer 26

F- yellow/orange

Question 27

Gram +, beading branching filaments.

Answer 27

Nocardia

Question 28

Nocardia is usually isolated from what specimen?

Answer 28

Sputum and exudate Aspirate from skin/ abscess

Question 29

Specimen choice for direct examination for nocardia identification.

Answer 29

Tissue and pus

Question 30

The granules can be visualized by separating them from the pus .what are the granules of Nocardia?

Answer 30

N. cyriacigeorgica N. farcinica N. brasiliensis N. otitidiscaviarum

Question 31

Granules of ___ is broad, interwoven, spetate hyphae that are wider to actinomycotic.

Answer 31

eumycotic mycetoma

Question 32

Which is not true about the culture characteristics of nocardia? A. Oxidtvie type metabolism B. No specific growth C. It takes 7 days to grow D. Grows well in nonselective media

Answer 32

C. It should be 3-6 days

Question 33

Selective media for nocardia. Nonselective media for nocardia.

Answer 33

Selective: modified Thayer-martin (CHOC +antibiotics) Nonselective: buffered charcoal-yeast extract (BCYE agar)

Question 34

Appearance of nocardia in culture media.

Answer 34

Chalky, matte, velvety or powdery appearance. (Breadcrumbs)

Question 35

Biochem test for nocardia.

Answer 35

- Substrate hydrolysis - Other substratesl and Carbohydrate utilization - Antimicrobial susceptibility profile -fatty acid analysis by high performance-liquid chromatography.

Question 36

Most reliable method to identify nocardia is __.

Answer 36

16S rRNA gene sequencing

Question 37

Treatment for nocardiosis often involves ___.

Answer 37

- Drainage and surgery - Resistant to penicillin - susceptibility to sulfonamides

Question 38

Spp. Of Actinomadura that are the etiologic agent of mycetoma.

Answer 38

A. madurae A. pelletieri

Question 39

T or F A. madurae and A. pelletieri morphology are similar to nocardia.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

T or F A. madurae is cellobiose and xylose negative and nocardia is positive.

Answer 40

False- A. madurae is positive and nocardia is negative

Question 41

Primarily, saprophytes found as soil inhabitants .

Answer 41

Streptomyces

Question 42

Streptomyces that are pathogenic to human.

Answer 42

S. somaliensis

Question 43

-An aerobic gram + to gram variable -Partialy acid fast -Nonmotile

Answer 43

Gordonia

Question 44

Growth with mycelial forms that frgments into rod-shaped/coccoid element or known as nocardioform.

Answer 44

Gordonia

Question 45

Colonies of Gordonia characteristics.

Answer 45

Slimy, smooth, glossy, irregular

Question 46

Spp. Of Godonia that usually cause infection

Answer 46

G. bronchialis

Question 47

They are gram + , aerobic, catalase + and partially acid fast.

Answer 47

Tsukamurella

Question 48

Sp. Of tsukamurella that mostly cause infection.

Answer 48

T. paurametabola

Question 49

The most significant rhodococcus sp. That is significant to human

Answer 49

R. equi (formely known as Corynebacterium equi)

Question 50

They are found in soil and cause respiratory tract infection in animals.

Answer 50

R. equi

Question 51

In SBA R. equi resembles ___.

Answer 51

Klebsiella (salmon pink pigment)

Question 52

The causative agent of Whipple's disease.

Answer 52

Tropheryma whipplei

Question 53

Treatment for T. whipplei

Answer 53

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Question 54

Shape of T. whipplei inside the macrophage.

Answer 54

Rod-shaped