Normal Breast

Question 1

______ can impair the ability to lactate as well as mom’s ability to mobilize energy for milk production.

Answer 1

Obesity

Question 2

Milk product synthesis is initiated during pregnancy by the actions of ____ or _____, but milk secretion is held in check by high progesterone levels.

Answer 2

prolactin or placental lactogen

Question 3

What comprises the majority of a non-lactating breast?

Answer 3

intRAglandular fat

Question 4

Increased estrogen levels during puberty, in combination with _____, induce elongation and branching of the ductal network by increasing IGF-1 production by stromal cells.

Answer 4

GH

Question 5

The secretion of ______ during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle brings about side branching and lobulo-alveolar (TDLU) development.

Answer 5

progesterone

Question 6

______ is a rare condition in adolescent girls in which the breasts (usually both, rarely only one) markedly enlarge due to hormonal stimulation.

Answer 6

Juvenile hypertrophy (virginal hypertrophy)

Question 7

Milk product synthesis is initiated during pregnancy by the actions of prolactin or placental lactogen, but milk secretion is held in check by ______.

Answer 7

high progesterone levels

Question 8

Lymphatic drainage of breast is to the______ lymph nodes.

Answer 8

axillary, supraclavicular and mediastinal

Question 9

The normal male breast differs in structure from the female breast in that _____.

Answer 9

there are no tubules (acini)

Question 10

What effect does estrogen have on the breast?

Answer 10

elongation and branching

Question 11

What breast cell layer is lost in invasive breast CA?

Answer 11

the myoepithelial cells

Question 12

Increased estrogen levels during puberty, in combination with GH, induce _______ of the ductal network by increasing IGF-1 production by stromal cells.

Answer 12

elongation and branching

Question 13

The terminal duct branches into a grapelike cluster of small acini (tubules) to form a _____.

Answer 13

lobule

Question 14

What comprises the majority of a lactating breast?

Answer 14

glandular tissue

Question 15

The secretion of progesterone during the _____ phase of the menstrual cycle brings about side branching and lobulo-alveolar (TDLU) development.

Answer 15

luteal

Question 16

Milk ejection is regulated by _______, which stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cells that form a basket-like network around alveoli.

Answer 16

oxytocin

Question 17

Increased estrogen levels during puberty, in combination with GH, induce elongation and branching of the ductal network by increasing _____ production by stromal cells.

Answer 17

IGF-1

Question 18

What kind of cell overlies the breast and dips into the nipple orifice?

Answer 18

keratinizing squamous epithelium

Question 19

The terminal duct branches into a grapelike cluster of small _____ to form a lobule.

Answer 19

acini (tubules)

Question 20

______ is required to maintain post-partum prolactin levels.

Answer 20

Suckling

Question 21

During childhood and before puberty, the female breast is composed of _____.

Answer 21

a branching ductal system without the lobular units

Question 22

Milk ejection is regulated by oxytocin, which stimulates contraction of ________.

Answer 22

myoepithelial cells

Question 23

The secretion of progesterone during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle brings about ______.

Answer 23

side branching and lobulo-alveolar (TDLU) development

Question 24

What hormone is responsible for embryonic breast development?

Answer 24

parathyroid hormone related hormone

Question 25

What effect does progesterone have on the breast?

Answer 25

side branching and TDLU development

Question 26

What are the 2 types of breast stroma and their differences?

Answer 26

intERlobular stroma (fibrous CT + adipose) intRAlobular stroma (hormonally responsive fibroblast cells + lymphs; envelopes the acini)