Normal labour and delivery

Question 1

latent phase of 1st stage of labour

Answer 1

up to 4 cm cervical dilation

Question 2

Define fetal lie

Answer 2

the position of a fetus’s spine in relation to the mother’s spine
- Longitudinal, transverse or oblique

Question 3

Define fetal presentation

Answer 3

the fetal part that first enters the maternal pelvi
- Cephalic (common)
- Breech
- Shoulder
- Face

Question 4

Define fetal position

Answer 4

the position of the fetal head as it exits the birth canal
- occipito-anterior (ideal)
- occipito-posterior
- occipito-transverse

Question 5

Define Fetal station

Answer 5

is a measurement of how far a baby’s head or other presenting part has moved into the pelvis during pregnancy

Question 6

Define Effacement

Answer 6

is the thinning of the cervix during pregnancy, which prepares the body for childbirth
- 100% effacement = ready for delivery

Question 7

Define 1st stage of labour

Answer 7

start of regular uterine contractions and ends when the cervix is fully dilated to 10cm

Question 8

how many phases are in 1st stage labour

Answer 8

3 phases

Question 9

what are the phases in 1st stage labour

Answer 9

Latent, Active, Transition

Question 10

Active phase of 1st stage of labour

Answer 10

Cervical dilatation 4-7 cm

Question 11

Transistion phase of 1st stage of labour

Answer 11

Cervical dilatation to 10 cm

Question 12

Define 2nd stage of labour

Answer 12

From full cervical dilatation (10 cm), Until the birth of the baby

Question 13

Define 3rd stage of labour

Answer 13

From the birth of the baby - Until the expulsion of the placenta and membranes.

Question 14

Define prolonged labour

AKA Failure to progress

Answer 14

Labour lasting > 20 hours

Question 15

Stage 1 Cervical dilation per hour

Answer 15

Primipara: 0.5-1 cm/hour
Multipara: 1-2 cm/hour

Question 16

Stage 2 labour duration

Answer 16

Primipara: < 1hour
Multipara: < 30min

Question 17

Stage 3 active and physiological management duration

Answer 17

< 30min active management (cord clamping, controlled cord traction & oxytocin)

< 60 min physiological management

Question 18

Mechanisms of labour

Answer 18

• Engagemant
• Desecnt
• Flexion
• Int. rotation
• Extension
• Restitution (Ext. rotation)
• Epulsion

Question 19

Normal Foetal CTG parameters

Answer 19

Baseline: 110-160
Variability: 5-25
Decelerations: none or early

Question 20

Non-reassuring CTG Management

Answer 20

• Alternative position
• Admin fluids

Question 21

Average Labour duration

Answer 21

Primips: 8 hours
Multips: 5 hours

Delivery should be achieved within 4 hours from full dilatation, regardless of parity

Question 22

Normal labour contractions

Answer 22

Frequency 3–4 in 10 minutes (every 2–3 min)
Duration 40–60 seconds
Pattern Regular, rhythmic