Normal Urinary Crystals/Abnormal Urinary Crystals

Question 1

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Uric Acid
Urine pH:
Appearance:

Answer 1

Uric Acid
Urine pH: Acid
Appearance: Rhombic, Four-sided flat plates (whetstones), wedges, rosettes

Question 2

distinguishing feature from cystine crystals

Answer 2

Highly birefringent

Question 3

UA is Significantly increased in:

Answer 3

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

Question 4

Amorphous urates
Urine pH:
Appearance:
Refrigerated:

Answer 4

Amorphous urates
Urine pH: Acid
Appearance: Yellow-brown granules
Refrigerated: pink sediment

Question 5

Amorphous Phosphates
Urine pH:
Appearance:
Refrigeration:

Answer 5

Amorphous Phosphates
Urine pH: Alkaline
Appearance: Similar to amorphous urates
Refrigeration: White sediment

Question 6

Calcium oxalate
Urine pH:

Answer 6

Calcium oxalate
Urine pH: Acid/Neutral/Alkaline

Question 7

type of Calcium oxalate that is (most common form)- colorless, octahedral envelope, or as two pyramids joined at their base

Answer 7

Dihydrate

Question 8

(Ethylene Glycol “Antifreeze” Poisoning)

Answer 8

Monohydrate

Question 9

type of Calcium oxalate that is oval or dumbbell shaped

Answer 9

Monohydrate

Question 10

Majority of renal calculi is composed of___

Answer 10

Calcium oxalate

Question 11

Calcium Phosphate
Urine pH:
Appearance:

Answer 11

Calcium Phosphate
Urine pH: Alkaline
Appearance: Colorless, flat rectangular plates, thin prisms in rosette form

Question 12

Calcium Phosphate Confused with:

Answer 12

Sulfonamide crystals (when urine pH is in
neutral range)

Question 13

to Distinguished Calcium Phosphate to Sulfonamide crystals is by:

Answer 13

addition of DILUTE ACETIC ACID

Question 14

dissolves in DILUTE ACETIC ACID:

Answer 14

Calcium phosphate

Question 15

do not dissolved in DILUTE ACETIC ACID:

Answer 15

Sulfonamide crystals

Question 16

Triple Phosphate Urine
pH:
Appearance:

Answer 16

Triple Phosphate Urine
pH: Alkaline
Appearance: Prism shape, resembles COFFIN-LID

Question 17

Triple Phosphate is also called____

Answer 17

“Ammonium Magnesium Phosphate”

Question 18

Ammonium Biurate
Urine pH:
Appearance:

Answer 18

Ammonium Biurate
Urine pH: Acid
Appearance: THORNY APPLES – spicule covered spheres, brown in color

Question 19

when Ammonium Biurate was Dissolves at 60degC and added glacial acetic acid it can convert into _____

Answer 19

uric acid crystal

Question 20

Ammonium Biurate is Most often encountered in:

Answer 20

Old specimen (associated with ammonia produced by urea-spitting bacteria

Question 21

Calcium Carbonate
Urine pH:
Appearance:

Answer 21

Calcium Carbonate
Urine pH: Alkaline
Appearance: Small, colorless, DUMBBELL of spherical shapes

Question 22

Calcium Carbonate Resemble:_____

Answer 22

Amorphous material

Question 23

to Distinguished Calcium Carbonate to Amorphous material is by:

Answer 23

addition of acetic acid (formation of gas)

Question 24

Most often found in ACIDIC URINE or rarely in NEUTRAL URINE

Answer 24

Abnormal Urinary Crystals

Question 25

abnormal urinary crystals that appeared as Colorless, hexagonal plates (Thick or thin)

Answer 25

Cystine

Question 26

Metabolic disorder that prevents reabsorption of cysteine by renal tubules → renal calculi

Answer 26

Cystinuria

Question 27

Cystine is Distinguished from:

Answer 27

uric Acid crystal (Highly Birefringent)

Question 28

Confirmation test for Cystine

Answer 28

Cyanide-Nitroprusside Test

Question 29

abnormal urinary crystals that appeared as Rectangular Plates with notch on one or more corners

Answer 29

Cholesterol

Question 30

Cholesterol is Can be seen in:_____

Answer 30

Nephrotic syndrome in conjunction with fatty casts and oval fat bodies

Question 31

abnormal urinary crystals that appeared as Colorless flat plates

Answer 31

Radiographic dye

Question 32

similar to cholesterol crystal

Answer 32

Radiographic dye

Question 33

SG level for Radiographic dye

Answer 33

Markedly elevated

Question 34

abnormal urinary crystals that appeared as Colorless to yellow-brown, needles, rhombics, whetstones, “SHEAVES of WHEAT” and rosettes

Answer 34

Sulfonamides

Question 35

Can be seen on patient with inadequate hydration

Answer 35

Sulfonamides

Question 36

sulfonamide crystallization

Answer 36

Sulfonamides

Question 37

Sulfonamides can Distinguished from:

Answer 37

calcium phosphate

Question 38

abnormal urinary crystals that appeared as Colorless needles

Answer 38

Ampicillin

Question 39

(tend to form bundles following refrigeration)

Answer 39

Ampicillin

Question 40

indicates of Precipitation of antibiotics following massive dosage of this penicillin compound without adequate hydration

Answer 40

Ampicillin

Question 41

abnormal urinary crystals that appeared as Yellow brown spheres

Answer 41

Leucine

Question 42

(concentric circles with radial striations)

Answer 42

Leucine

Question 43

Leucine is resembles of _______

Answer 43

pollen grains

Question 44

Leucine Should be accompanied by:

Answer 44

tyrosine crystals

Question 45

abnormal urinary crystals that appeared as Fine, colorless to yellow needles (in clumps or rosettes)

Answer 45

Tyrosine

Question 46

Tyrosine can Seen in conjunction with:

Answer 46

Leucine crystals and (+) chemical test for Bilirubin

Question 47

abnormal urinary crystals that appeared as Yellow, clump needles or granules (+) Bilirubin in urine

Answer 47

Bilirubin

Question 48

Bilirubin is associated with Leucine and tyrosine indication for____ ______

Answer 48

liver disorder