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AUBF 1 Microscopic (FINALS) > Urinary Sediment > Flashcards

Urinary Sediment Flashcards

1
Q

Smooth, Non-nucleated biconcave disc

A

Red Blood Cell

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2
Q

Normal Value of RBC in urine

A

0-2 cells/10 HPF

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3
Q

size of RBC

A

7mm

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4
Q

(Concentrated): Shrink → Crenated

A

Hypersthenuric

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5
Q

(Diluted): Swell and lyse → leaving cell membrane only → Ghost cell

A

Hyposthenuric

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6
Q

(cellular protrusions, fragmented): Glomerular Bleeding

A

Dysmorphic

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7
Q

Urine appears cloudy with a red to brown color

A

Macroscopic (Gross) hematuria

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8
Q

Associated with advanced glomerular damage, can also be seen with damage to the vascular integrity of the urinary tract caused by trauma, acute infection or inflammation and coagulation disorders

A

Macroscopic (Gross) hematuria

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9
Q

Presence of RBC can be seen only under the microscope, normal color

A

Microscopic hematuria

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10
Q

Can be critical to the early diagnosis of glomerular disorder and malignancy of the urinary tract and to confirm the presence of renal calculi (kidney stones)

A

Microscopic hematuria

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11
Q

Associated with damage to the glomerular membrane or vascular injury within genitourinary tract

A

RBC

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12
Q

The number of cells present is indicative of the extent of damage and injury

A

RBC

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13
Q

Increased in urinary WBC

A

Pyuria

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14
Q

Predominant, has granules and multilobed

A

Neutrophil

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15
Q

(absorbs water and swell)

A

Hypotonic

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16
Q

granules exhibit Brownian movement → sparkling appearance or appear as

A

“Glitter cells”

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17
Q

Drug-induced interstitial nephritis, small numbers can be seen in UTI and renal transplant rejection

A

Eosinophil

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18
Q

Ex. of Mononuclear cells

A

Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Macrophage, Histiocytes

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19
Q

resembles RBC because they are both small

A

Lymphocytes

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20
Q

large cells with vacuoles, may or may not contain inclusions

A

Monocytes, Macrophage, Histiocytes

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21
Q

increase in urinary WBCs which indicates the presence of an infection or inflammation in the genitourinary system

A

Pyuria

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22
Q

seen in increased number in the early stages of renal transplant rejection

A

Lymphocytes

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23
Q

(usually larger than WBCs with an eccentrically located nucleus)

A

renal tubular epithelia cells

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24
Q

Primary concern in identification of WBC in urine:

A

differentiation of mononuclear cells and disintegrating neutrophils from round renal tubular epithelia cells

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25
Q

used to enhance nuclear detail

A

Supravital staining / Addition of acetic acid

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26
Q

Normal, Sloughing off

A

Squamous EC

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27
Q

largest cells found in urine sediment, derived from the genitourinary tract

A

Squamous EC

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28
Q

They represent normal cellular sloughing and have no pathologic significance

A

Squamous EC

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29
Q

Urothelial

A

Transitional EC

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30
Q

Smaller than squamous cells and appear in several forms, including spherical, polyhedral and caudate

A

Transitional EC

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31
Q

These differences are caused by the ability of transitional epithelial cells to absorb large amounts of water

A

Transitional EC

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32
Q

Originate from the lining of the renal pelvis, calyces, ureters, and bladders, and from the upper portion of the male urethra

A

Transitional EC

33
Q

(they are flexible and can change shape)

A

Transitional EC

34
Q

Increase in transitional cells → invasive urologic procedure → catheterization (no pathologic significance)

A

Transitional EC

35
Q

Clumps of transitional cell is called

A

synctia

36
Q

increase in abnormal morphology (has vacuoles or irregular nuclei)

A

malignancy or viral infection

37
Q

Ex. of RTE Cell

A

PCT, DCT, CD

38
Q

(if they appear in groups of 3)

A

Renal Fragments

39
Q

Has pathologic significance, indication of tissue destruction necrosis

A

RTE Cell

40
Q

size and shape depending on the area of the renal tubules from which they originate

A

RTE Cell

41
Q

larger than any RTE cells, rectangular in shape referred to as columnar or convoluted cells

A

PCT

42
Q

resembles casts

A

PCT

43
Q

can be mistaken as WBC or spherical transitional cell

A

DCT

44
Q

smaller, round or oval

A

DCT

45
Q

cuboidal and are never round

A

RTE cell from Collecting duct

46
Q

Lipid-containing RTE cells

A

Oval Fat bodies

47
Q

contains non-lipid filled vacuoles

A

Bubble cells

48
Q

associated with Acute Tubular Necrosis

A

Bubble cells

49
Q

Squamous EC covered with Gardnerella coccobacillus

A

Clue Cells

50
Q

clue cells is indication or microscopic sediment used to diagnosed ___ ___

A

Bacterial Vaginosis

51
Q

Not normally present since urinary bladder is sterile

A

Bacteria

52
Q

Spherical-shaped

A

Cocci

53
Q

Rod shaped

A

Bacilli

54
Q

(gram negative) – most frequently associated with UTI

A

Enterobacteriaceae

55
Q

Bacteria should be accompanied by WBC

A

UTI

56
Q

Small refractile oval structures (may or may not contain bud)

A

Yeast

57
Q

yeast that primarily seen in urine of the patient with DM, Vaginal moniliasis, Immunocompromised individual

A

Candida albicans

58
Q

most frequent parasite encountered in the urine, sexually transmitted, associated with vaginal inflammation

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

59
Q

Resembles WBC if left standing for hours

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

60
Q

bladder parasite (ova); bladder cancer

A

Schistosoma haematobium

60
Q

Men are often asymptomatic

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

61
Q

most common fecal contaminant, D-shape

A

Enterobius vermicularis

62
Q

Spermatozoa seen in the urine of male and female

A

Normal. Do not report in routine urinalysis

63
Q

Significant Spermatozoa

A

Male infertility, Retrograde ejaculation

64
Q

(sperm is expelled into bladder instead of urethra)

A

Male infertility, Retrograde ejaculation

65
Q

toxic for sperm

A

Urine

66
Q

major constituent of mucus

A

Uromodulin

67
Q

Thread-like structures (Low refractive index)

A

Mucus

68
Q

usually missed out in microscopic

A

Mucus

68
Q

Frequently seen in females (if she didn’t wash prior to collection)

A

Mucus

69
Q

Only elements found in urine

A

Casts

70
Q

unique to the kidney

A

Casts

71
Q

presence of urinary cast

A

Cylinduria

72
Q

True geometrically structure or
amorphous materials

A

Crystals

73
Q

highly refractile sphere with dimpled center

A

Starch

74
Q

appear as spheres with a cell wall and occasional concentric circles

A

Pollen grains

75
Q

may resemble casts however fibers polarized while casts do not

A

Fibers/Hairs

76
Q

appear as plant and meat fibers or as brown amorphous material

A

Fecal Contamination

77
Q

Ex. of Artifacts

A
  • Starch
  • Oil droplets
  • Air bubbles
  • Pollen grains
  • Fibers/Hairs
  • Fecal Contamination

AUBF 1 Microscopic (FINALS) (5 decks)

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