notes 16 rejecting principles of liberalism

Question 1

illiberalism + possible conditions provoking it

Answer 1

only applies to liberal democracies (not dictatorships; so nazis were not “illiberal”)

when a liberal system does something against liberal principles (ex. forced conscription)

idea that security and stability > most other considerations (namely freedom), especially in uncertainty

possible conditions:
- wars
- natural disasters
- public health emergencies
- domestic violence / turmoil

Question 2

how was the war measures act used in canada during the world wars

Answer 2

mainly to round up people thought to be spies or otherwise threaten security of society

abused in both world wars to include entire groups of people only guilty of being a disliked minority

ww1 - ukrainian immigrants
ww2 - anyone who was japanese (even if they were a canadian citizen)

there was no evidence that these groups actually threatened canada

they were sent to interment camps until the end of the war

Question 3

october crisis

Answer 3

1970

3rd time for war measures act

much change in all aspects of quebec (political, social, etc.) but focused on fixing economic challenges of french speaking people

some people (like max 50 people) thought this change was too slow so formed a radical group called FLQ

FLQ used violence (ex. bombing gov. buildings, minimal injured though) to advocate for an independent quebec from the rest of canada

they kidnapped 2 public officials, one was found murdered

this was a crisis because political violence is very rare in canada –> war measures act envoked

Question 4

how was the war measures act used the third time

Answer 4

october crisis (1970)

nearly 500 people arrested and held for 30 days without charge

most were supporters of quebec nationalism but none of them were FLQ and only 12 were actually found guilty of anything

implementing the war measures act was very highly supported in and outside quebec, but its now seen as an attack on individual rights

Question 5

what replaced war measures act and what did it fix

Answer 5

replaced with emergencies act (1988)

fixed many problems with war measures act:
- clearly defines emergency
- limits gov power
- gov actions must be approved by parliament
- can be specific to a location
- an inquiry must investigate gov actions after the fact

allows for gov checks + balances between branches of gov, war measures act allowed executive to act on its own