Notifiable Diseases Flashcards
(31 cards)
1
Q
International Notifiable Diseases
A
- foot and mouth
- vesicular stomatitis
- classical swine fever
- african swine fever
- OIE must be notified within 24 hours of primary case
- EU legislation dictates slaughter policy
2
Q
Other notifiable diseases
A
- aujeszky’s disease
- brucellosis suis
- trichinellosis
- TGE
- porcine cysticercosis
- member state within the EU is responsible for disease status and control
3
Q
vesicular diseases
A
- foot and mouth
- swine vesicular disease
- vesicular stomatitis
4
Q
method of spread (F&M/SVD)
A
- airborne (not SVD)
- faecal contamination
- movement of pigs
- waste food
- personnel
- shared equipment
- pet pigs
5
Q
Survival in environment (F&M/SVD)
- pH
- freezing
- heat (destroyed at)
- smoking
- faeces
- disinfection
A
- 2.5-12.0 7.0-9.0
- -20 -30
- > 70 >37
- 12.3) acid or aklaline
6
Q
Route of infection (F&M/SVD)
A
- ingestion
- inhalation (NOT SVD)
- cuts/abrasions
7
Q
F&M/SVD pathogenesis
A
- infection
- virus multiplies locally
- cell destruction and formation of vesicles
- excretion of virus via faeces (for around 3 months) and upper respiratory tract (for about 2 weeks)
8
Q
F&M/SVD epidemiology
A
- pigs manufacture and excrete high concentrations of FMD
- no carrier state in either
- incubation period is 2-7 days
9
Q
F&M/SVD viruses
A
FMD: apthovirus
SVD: enterovirus
10
Q
F&M/SVD
CS (6)
vesicles
other
A
- pyrexia, anorexia, depression
- fever, lameness
- vesicles on coronary band and interdigital space
- sudden onset of severe, acute lameness
- arched back, unwilling to move, squeal in pain when encouraged to get up
- may walk on knees
vesicles:
- blanched areas on epithelium on coronary band
- vesicles form and rupture after a few hours
- ulcerated tissue surrounded by tags of epithelium
- healing by granulation in 4 days
- underrunning of horn and sloughing
morbidity and mortality are lower for SVD than FMD
11
Q
F&M/SVD distribution of lesions
A
- coronary band and supernummary digits
- interdigital space
- limbs, mammary glands, snout and tongue
- high mortality amongst suckling pigs
12
Q
F&M/SVD DDx
A
- contact dermatitis
- swine pox
- trauma
- chemical burns
- biotin deficiency
13
Q
F&M/SVD Diagnosis
A
- virus isolation
- PCR
- serology
14
Q
vesicular stomatitis
A
- 2 RNA vesiculoviruses
- not in UK
- transmitted by infected pigs and formites
15
Q
CSF vs ASF
A
- CSF: pestivirus: pH 3-11.5, incubation 4-19 (7)
- ASF: asfaarviridae: pH 5-10, can replicate in IMH incubation (2-30 (5)
destroyed by phenol, formalin and sodium hydroxide
16
Q
CSF/ASF transmission
A
- oral/nasal secretions
- infected pigs
- semen (carrier pigs)
- mechanical, personnel
- IMH (ticks)
- wild boars
17
Q
CSF/ASF CS
- acute
- chronic
A
- high fever (40)
- loss of appetitie
- dull
- blotchy discolouration of skin
- incoordination
- weakness of hindquarters
- constipation followed by diarrhoea
- cough
- death in 4-7 days
chronic:
- dull
- unthrifty
- variable cough
- diarrhoea
- emaciation
- joint swellings
- necrotic ulceration of skin
18
Q
CSF/ASF DDx
A
- bacterial septicaemia
- thrombocytopaenia
- warfarrin poisoning
- nervous conditions
- erysipelas
- porcine stress syndrome
19
Q
CSF/ASF Diagnosis
A
- virus isolation
- PCR
- serology
20
Q
Controls (10)
A
- notification
- investigation and confirmation
- 3km protection zone, 10km surveillance zone
- epidemiology and tracing
- movement restrictions
- valuation and slaughter
- carcase disposal
- clean and disinfect
- restocking with sentinel pigs
- import controls
21
Q
PRIMO
A
pig identification, record and movement order
- record to be kept of all pigs
- registered with AHVLA as a pig keeper
- pig must be identified when moved and noted in movement schedule
- domestic: paint, slap mark, tag, tattoo
- export: ear tag
22
Q
Aujesxky’s disease
A
- eradicated in 1980s
- herpes virus
- inactivated by heat, disinfectant, formaldehye adn detergents
- stable between pH 6-11
23
Q
Aujesxky’s disease CS (4)
A
- inappetence, fever, lethargy
- fertility porblems
- nervous signs
- respiritory signs
24
Q
Aujesxky’s disease Dx
A
- consider whole herd picture
- take history
- confirmation unlikely on clinical grounds
- notify APHA
25
Aujesxky's disease Transmission (6)
- oro-nasal
- aerosol up to 5 km
- semen and AI
- transplacentally
- carrier pigs
- slurry/buildings
26
Aujesxky's disease survey
- all culled breeding boars must be serum ELISA tested
| - positive/inconclusive = report to VLA and investigate
27
Anthrax general CS
- pigs have some resistance
- sudden death
- pyrexia, anorexia and depression
- petechiation of skin
- head and throat oedema
- haemorrhagic dysentry
28
Anthrax specific CS for each form of disease (3)
pharngeal form:
- cervical oedema
- bloody or clear fluid
- tissue gelatinous
- LN engorged
septicaemic form
- enlarged spleen
- congested carcase
- renal petechiation
- engorged LNs
Intestinal form:
- peritoneal oedema
- intestinal mucosa thickened with diptheritic membrane and fibrinous adhesions
- splenic infarcts
- engorged LNs
29
Anthrax DDx (6)
- any condition with sudden death: acute swine fever
- erysipelas
- clostridia
- salmonella
- hyperthermia
- poisons
30
Anthrax Dx
- suspect cases reported to AHVLA
- blood smear from superficial vessel
- smears from swab of cervical oedema
- smears from associated LNs
methylene blue shows up pig rods with surrounding clear capsule and spores
31
Anthrax control
- disposal of carcase by incineration
- disinfection of ay area contaminated by body fluids
- disinfection of manure followed by burning or burial
