november 16th

Question 1

what are values?

Answer 1

someones judgement of what is important or of worth

Question 2

do stakeholders usually clarify their values in health policy

Answer 2

NO

Question 3

t/f: science incorporates fairness

Answer 3

false

Question 4

t/f: fairness is an ethical idea

Answer 4

true

Question 5

t/f: values are part of everystep of policy making

Answer 5

true

Question 6

when values enter policy-making specifically

Answer 6

• when values are invoked
• when evaluative language is used (e.g., right, wrong, good, bad)
• when establishing policy objectives
  -when navigating trade-offs
• when navigating uncertanty

Question 7

ethics = morality

Answer 7

true
- the systematic study of moral choices; concerns valurd that underpin moral choices and the language used to describe those choices = ethics

Question 8

t/f: ethics is subjective

Answer 8

false
-if ethics was simply subjective you would not arrive at a good answer

Question 9

two ideas of moral relativism

Answer 9

1. descriptive moral relativism
2. metaethical moral relativism

Question 10

descriptive moral relativism

Answer 10

there are deep and widespread moral disagreements across different societies
- it is descriptively true that we disagree on moral matters

Question 11

metaethical moral relativism

Answer 11

the truth or falsity of moral judgements, or their justification, is not absolute or universal but relative to traditions or practises of. a person/group
- can not have universal truth for right/wrong

Question 12

utilitarianism

Answer 12

• the greatest good for the greatest amount of people

Question 13

ethical frameworks (harm principle)

Answer 13

the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others. His own good, either physical or moral, is not a sufficient warrant

Question 14

precautionary principle

Answer 14

a clarifying amendment to mills harm principle to aid decision making under circumstances of scientific uncertainty
- WHEN AN ACTIVITY RAISES THREATS OF HARM TO HUMAN HEALTH OR THE ENVIROMENT, PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES SHOULD BE TAKEN EVEN IF SOME CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIPS ARE NOT FULLY ESTABLISHED SCIENTIFICALLY

Question 15

least restrictive means

Answer 15

• if we want to meet the health objective start with the sermon and then use stick eventually if necessary
• full force of authority should only be used for exceptional circumstances

Question 16

descriptive ethics

Answer 16

• what do people believe is right or good with respect to a health policy issue

Question 17

theoretical ethics

Answer 17

what makes a decision or action an ethical one?

Question 18

normative ethics

Answer 18

what should be done in a specific circumstance?