sept 28

Question 1

what are policy instruments?

Answer 1

the set of techniques by which government authorities wield their power in attempting to ensure support and effect or prevent social change

Question 2

policy instruments can also be known as…

Answer 2

• policy tools
• policy techniques
• policy means

Question 3

policy instrument examples

Answer 3

-laws
- taxation
-subsidies
-cash transfers
-education campaigns
-vouchers
-charges
-labelling
-grants

Question 4

the ‘stick’

Answer 4

• regulatory instruments that obligate people tp act in accordance with what the government says
• regulation “government intervention through a set of rules identifying permissible and impermissible activity on the part of individuals, firms, or government departments and agencies along with accompanying sanctions and rewards

Question 5

examples of the stick

Answer 5

• legislation
• regulations

Question 6

the carrot

Answer 6

• economic instruments used as incentives or disincentives to guide individuals in the direction of the objectives of policy
  -handing out or taking away of material resources where the addressees are not obligated to take the measures involved
  ex. naxalone kits for opioid overdoses

Question 7

examples of the carrot

Answer 7

• subsidies
• taxes
• customs duties
• grants
• vouchers

Question 8

the sermon

Answer 8

• information dissemination
  attempts at influencing people through the transfer of knowledge, the communication of reasoned argument and persuasion
  includes transmission of knowledge and judgements about which phenomena are good or bad, how citizens should behave etc

Question 9

the sermon policy instrument examples

Answer 9

• advertisements
  -product labelling

Question 10

regulation

Answer 10

the stick

Question 11

economic means

Answer 11

the carrot

Question 12

information

Answer 12

the sermon

Question 13

nudges

Answer 13

aspect of the choice architecture that alters peoples behaviour in a predictable way without forbidding any options or significantly changing their economic incentives
ex. tipping amount on machine starting at 20% nudges you to tip more

Question 14

criteria for choosing the right instruments

Answer 14

1. effectiveness: the likelihood of the policy instrument achieving the policy objectives - includes feasibility, cost, timeline, etc
2. legality: the degree to which the policy instrument adheres to relevant legal rules
3. legitimacy: the degree of support/acceptance a government has for its choices, based upon correspondence with publics views, values, feelings, objectives