november 21

Question 1

CRISPR

Answer 1

crispr is a technology for gene editing
- short, repeating segments of DNA found within the genomes of organisms which are derived from dna fragments from viruses that have previously tried to attack the cell line, that have the potential to modify the genes of almost any organism

Question 2

cas9

Answer 2

gene editing technology involving the cas9 enzyme, which uses a CRISPR sequences as a guide to recognize and cut specific strands of DNA at a desired location, allowing existing genes to be removed and/or new ones added

Question 3

somatic (non-reproductive) cell therapy

Answer 3

can be applied to non germ line cells (ex. skin cells), can be done on existing individuals
consentual

Question 4

germline editing

Answer 4

edits the germline which affects future offspring
- heritable
-unconsentual
-little known about this

Question 5

three ethical concerns with gene editing

Answer 5

• limited evidence of safety and efficacy; limited lab or animal work has been done on engineering embryos
  -putting children at risk of harm
  -germline editing

Question 6

is research a concern in gene editing

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

are there more problems with somatic or germline editing

Answer 7

germline

Question 8

theraputic vs non-theraputic (ex. human enhancement)

Answer 8

therapeutic can be used to help cure health problems and viruses, non-therapeutic is unnecessary

Question 9

reproductive vs. laboratory

Answer 9

when used for reproductive purposes gene editing gets implanted however in the laboratory it is only for in vitro use and does not get implanted into humans

Question 10

oviedo convention 1999

Answer 10

article 13 - interventions on the human genome
stated: “an intervention seeking to modify the human genome may only be undertaken for preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic purposes and only if its aim is to not introduce any modification in the genome of any descendants

Question 11

what does article 13 of the oviedo convention prohibit

Answer 11

germline editing

Question 12

how many countries ratified the oviedo convention

Answer 12

29