NS. autonomic nervous system

Question 1

what does the autonomic nervous system control?

Answer 1

smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
various glands

Question 2

what are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 2

sympathetic
parasympathetic

Question 3

what type of autonomic nervous system is the adrenal medulla part of?

Answer 3

sympathetic

Question 4

function of the adrenal medulla?

Answer 4

releases adrenaline
- endocrine

Question 5

describe the ganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic nervous system.
describe the position of the ganglion.

Answer 5

long pre-ganglionic
short post-ganglionic

ganglion near effector organ

Question 6

describe the ganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system.

Answer 6

pre-gang and post-gang are similar in length

Question 7

where is the synapse in the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 7

in the chain
in the collateral ganglia
in adrenal medulla

Question 8

describe the discrete action of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Answer 8

• on single organs in the body

eg. salivary gland
heart

Question 9

what are the conservative anabolic effects of the parasympathetic nervous system? (function)

Answer 9

store energy (digestion etc)
slowing heart

Question 10

describe the widespread actions of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Answer 10

• often affect whole body
  distribution of sympathetic nerves
  circulation g adrenaline

Question 11

describe homeostasis is the sympathetic nervous system.

Answer 11

blood pressure and thermoregulation

Question 12

what is the fight, flight or fright mechanism in the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 12

meet the demands of active muscle
- ANXIETY FOR DENTAL TREATMENT

Question 13

what effect does the autonomic nervous system have on the smooth muscle?

Answer 13

blood vessels in various parts of the body
eg. bronchi
bronchioles

Question 14

what effect does the autonomic nervous system have on the heart?

Answer 14

GIT
rate and force of contractions

Question 15

what effect does the autonomic nervous system have on the glands?

Answer 15

salivary glands
gastro-intestinal glands
sweat glands

Question 16

name 4 things the ANS effects.

Answer 16

smooth muscle
heart
glands
metabolism

Question 17

what is one thing the ANS DOES NOT control?

Answer 17

breathing

Question 18

what is breathing controlled by?

Answer 18

skeletal muscles controlled by somatic nerves

Question 19

what is the American name for adrenaline and noradrenaline?

Answer 19

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 20

what does noradrenaline cause?

Answer 20

alpha - contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels.

beta - relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle (bronchodilation)

Question 21

what does (adrenergic) alpha cause in ANS receptors?

Answer 21

contraction of smooth muscle

Question 22

what does (adrenergic) beta cause in ANS receptors?

Answer 22

relaxation of smooth muscle

Question 23

what does (adrenergic) beta-1 cause in ANS receptors?

Answer 23

increase heart rate and force heart contractiom

Question 24

what blocks the beta-1 response in ANS receptors?

Answer 24

beta blockers
block receptors so effects are restricted to the heart

Question 25

what is the dental significance of adrenergic in ANS receptors? who may this cause problems for?

Answer 25

many local anaesthetic preparations contain adrenaline which is used as a vasoconstrictor must give dose within recommended limits problems for patients with heart conditions

Question 26

what can cholinergic receptors do?

Answer 26

mimic drugs

Question 27

describe the cholinergic muscarinic receptor?

Answer 27

post-ganglionic neuro-effector junctions blocked by atropine

Question 28

describe cholinergic nicotinic receptors?

Answer 28

pre-ganglionic post- gang neurons synapse neuromuscular junctions

Question 29

where in the body do parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves not have opposing effects?

Answer 29

genitalia

Question 30

what nerve supply does blood vessels and glands in the periphery receive?

Answer 30

sympathetic

Question 31

in which parts of the body does dual control of autonomic nerves?

Answer 31

heart glands smooth muscles

Question 32

which part of the body has single control os sympathetic nerves only?

Answer 32

blood vessels - controls vessel diameter eg vasoconstriction and vasodilation