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Physiology > NS V Sensory Physiology > Flashcards

NS V Sensory Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

where do afferent pathways enter the spinal cord

A

through the posterior/dorsal root

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2
Q

what does the dorsal column pathway send info about

A

touch pressure proprioception

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3
Q

what does the spinothalamic tract send info about

A

pain and temperature

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4
Q

where does the dorsal column pathway cross over

A

lower medulla

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5
Q

where does the spinothalamic tract cross over

A

at the spinal cord

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6
Q

what neuron is the one that always crosses over

A

the second order neuron

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7
Q

what are the 5 types of sensory receptors

A

-mechanoreceptors
-chemoreceptors
-thermoreceptors
-nociceptors
-photoreceptors

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8
Q

what do mechanoreceptors receive info about and where are they found

A

info about compression/stretch
- found in skin, muscle spindles, hearing, equilibrium, arterial pressurer

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9
Q

what do chemoreceptors signaled by

A

ligands

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10
Q

what are nociceptors signaled by

A

damage

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11
Q

the particular form of energy to which a receptor is most sensitive is called its _____?

A

adequate stimulus

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12
Q

what does activation of sensory receptors cause

A

change in membrane potential called transduction and produces a graded potential

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13
Q

what type of receptor is a pacinian corpuscle

A

mechanoreceptor

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14
Q

what does a larger graded potential lead to

A

larger number of APs

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15
Q

what is the relationship between increase in stimulus strength and graded potentials

A

direct but not linear

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16
Q

what is the intensity of stimulus determined by

A

the frequency of APs (temporal summation) and the total number of receptors activated (spatial summation)

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17
Q

what is adaptation

A

when stimulus is maintained the frequency of APs decreases over time

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18
Q

where can adaptation occur

A

at the receptor or in the neuron

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19
Q

what is tonic vs phasic

A

tonic adapts slow phasic adapts fast

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20
Q

what happens in receptor adaptation

A

decrease in amplitude of graded potential over time in the presence of a constant stimulus

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21
Q

what do tonic receptors help differentiate

A

stimulus intensity

22
Q

what do phasic receptors help differentiate

A

duration

23
Q

what are examples of tonic receptors

A

, nociceptors, baroreceptors, chemoreceptors

24
Q

what are examples of phasic receptors

A

pacinian corpuscle

25
Q

what is the labeled line principle

A

a precise type of stimulus activates specific receptors and postsynaptic cells. the info continues on a pathway that specific kinds of information are conveyed by specific nerve fibers to specific regions of the CNS that are programmed for perception of that modality

26
Q

what does the homonculus do

A

correlates the anatomical regions of the CNS with where interpretation and awareness of sensations are perceived

27
Q

where do second to third order neurons synapse

A

at the thalamus

28
Q

what is a receptive field

A

region where a single fibers afferent receptors are located

29
Q

what is the effect of overlap in receptive fields

A

it improves localization ability

30
Q

what is acuity

A

precision with which a stimulus is perceived

31
Q

what does lateral inhibition do

A

enhances acuity

32
Q

how does lateral inhibition work

A

it decreases lateral spread of an excitatory signal and increases degree of contracts in the sensory pattern perceived in the cortex

33
Q

where does lateral inhibition occur

A

at each synapse, medulla, thalamus and cerebral cortex

34
Q

what is the conduction velocity and type of information transmitted by A alpha fibers

A

fast
-muscle spindle, muscle tendon, skeletal muscle

35
Q

what is the conduction velocity and type of information transmitted by A betafibers

A

fast
-muscle spindle, hair receptors, vibration, high discrimination touch, deep pressure, skeletal muscle

36
Q

what is the conduction velocity and type of information transmitted by A gamma fibers

A

fast
-deep pressure and touch, pricking pain

37
Q

what is the conduction velocity and type of information transmitted by A delta fibers

A

fast
-deep pressure and touch , pricking pain

38
Q

what is the conduction velocity and type of information transmitted by C fibers

A

slow
- crude touch and pressure, tickle, aching pain, cold and warmth

39
Q

what are the types of mechanoreceptors

A

-free nerve endings
- pacinian corpuscles

40
Q

what is the function and location of free nerve endings and what type of adaptation

A

function: detect touch and pressure (temp and pain)
location: skin, cornea, dental pulp, GI tract
-slow/tonic

41
Q

what is the function, location, and type of adaptation of pacinian corpuscles

A

function: detect deep pressure, vibration
location: subcutaneous tissue, viscera, joints
-rapid/phasic

42
Q

what type of vibration is detected by pacinian corpuscles? meisnners?

A

pacinian- higher frequency
meissners: lower frequency

43
Q

what spinal pathway detects vibration

A

dorsal column pathway

44
Q

what is the function, location, and type of adaptation of meissners corpuscles?

A

function: detect light, touch, pressure and vibration
location: glabrous skin
-rapid/phasic

45
Q

what is the function, location, and type of adaptation of merkels discs

A

function: localize continuous pressure and sensing an objects texture
location: all skin
slow/tonic

46
Q

what is the function, location, and type of adaptation of ruffini’s endings

A

function: sensitive to stretch or indentation; proprioception
location: deep layers of skin, joints, surrounding tooth roots
-slow/tonic

47
Q

what are the receptors in the periodontal ligament

A

mechanoreceptors that are ruffini-like receptos

48
Q

what is the function, location, and type of adaptation of hair end organ

A

function: hair movement
location: base of hair follicle
-rapid/phasic

49
Q

what side of the spinal cord does the ascending sensory tract ascend the spinal cord in the dorsal column pathway

A

same side as the stimulus

50
Q

what side of the spinal cord does the ascending sensory tract ascend the spinal cord in the spinothalamic pathway

A

opposite side of the stimulus

51
Q

what are the proprioception receptor types

A

-photoreceptors
-touch and pressure receptors in skin, joints, ligaments (periodontal ligament)
-skeletal muscle receptors
-vestibular receptors

52
Q

what are examples of skeletal muscle receptors

A

-muscle spindles
-golgi tendon organs

Physiology (41 decks)

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