nucleic acid and gene structure

Question 1

two types of nucleic acids

Answer 1

DNA & RNA

Question 2

nucleic acid monomer

Answer 2

nucleotide

Question 3

what are nucleotides made up of ?

Answer 3

nitrogenous base
5-carbon sugar
a phosphate

Question 4

nucleic acids are what of nucleotides

Answer 4

polymers

Question 5

pyrimidines

Answer 5

cytosine
thymine (in DNA)
uracil (in RNA)

Question 6

purines

Answer 6

adenine and guanine

Question 7

dna has what sugar

Answer 7

deoxyribose

Question 8

RNA has what sugar

Answer 8

Ribose

Question 9

whats the difference in OH groups between deoxyribonucleotides and ribonucleotides ?

Answer 9

ribonucleotides have two OH groups compared to deoxyribonucleotides having one

Question 10

what is the 3’-5’ bond

Answer 10

3’-5’ phosphodiester bond
the 3’-hydroxyl group of one nucleotide is joined to the 5’-phosphate group of the next nucleotide forming the phosphodiester linkage

Question 11

what way are nucleic acids written ?

Answer 11

5’-3’

Question 12

base pair bonds

Answer 12

A forms 2 H-bonds with T
G forms 3 H-bonds with C

Question 13

features of the DNA double helix

Answer 13

double stranded
backbone alternating phosphate and sugar residue
variable part- nitrogenous bases are on inside of helix, stacked on top of each other
chains run in opposite direction - antiparallel

Question 14

is RNA double stranded

Answer 14

no single stranded except in some viruses

Question 15

RNA secondary structures

Answer 15

RNA can form back on itself and form simple and complex structures

Question 16

how is a stem loop created ?

Answer 16

when two complementary sequences within a single strand come together to form double strand helical structures

Question 17

gene

Answer 17

segment of DNA coding for a protein or RNA molecule

Question 18

bacterial gene organisation

Answer 18

a single stretch of uninterrupted nucleotide sequence

Question 19

eucaryotic gene organisation

Answer 19

introns: noncoding DNA
exons: coding DNA

Question 20

exons in RNA

Answer 20

the regions of the primary RNA transcript that, following splicing, form the mature mRNA species, which encodes polypeptide sequence

Question 21

introns

Answer 21

the regions of primary RNA transcript that are eliminated during splicing

Question 22

splicing

Answer 22

removal of introns from a gene and joining together of exons

Question 22

mRNA

Answer 22

transcript produced from DNA during transcription
carries information from DNA to make a protein

Question 23

what is polycistronic mRNA

Answer 23

if it codes for 2 or more different polypeptides

Question 24

rRNA

Answer 24

part of ribosome structure catalyses peptide bond formation

Question 25

tRNA

Answer 25

transports AA to ribosomes for incorporation into growing polypeptides

Question 26

primary RNA transcript

Answer 26

heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) precursor of mRNA vary widely in size much larger than mRNA- processed by splicing to form mRNA

Question 27

small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Answer 27

snRNA molecules complexed with several small proteins form small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNP) snRNP- involved in splicing