Nucleic Acid Structure and Function Flashcards
(45 cards)
is the main hereditary material, but some organisms contain RNA
DNA
what organisms contain RNA
retroviruses
RNA mostly plays the role of a __in higher organisms.
messenger
Scientists elucidated certain properties of the molecule to be considered as genetic material:
The molecule must be able to duplicate itself with ___ ___.
extraordinary fedility
Scientists elucidated certain properties of the molecule to be considered as genetic material.
The molecular structure must be very ___. Mutations occur in very low ___.
stable
frequnecy
When there is error or mutation, the error or mutation is duplicated as faithfully as the ____.
original
It must have the capacity to carry all the necessary ____ __
biological information
It must be able to transmit this information from
generation to generation
The information stored and carried in the molecule must be decoded and translated into ___.
action
is composed of phosphate backbone, deoxyribose and four different nitrogenous bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine).
DNA
different nitrogenous bases of DNA
adenine
cytosine
guanine
thymine
The nitrogeneous base covalently binds through N-glycosidic bond with a sugar to form
Nucleoside
The nitrogeneous base covalently binds through what bond with a sugar to form nucleoside
N-glycosidic
The nucleoside, in turn, binds covalently to the phosphate group through ___linkage to form the nucleotide. The covalent joining of nucleotides by phosphodiester linkage or bridges makes up the polynucleotide.
phosphodiester
The nucleoside, in turn binds covalently to the phosphate group through phosphoester linkage and form the ___. The covalent joining of nucleotides by phosphophodiester linkage or bridges make up the polynucleotide.
nucleotide
The nucleoside, in turn binds covalently to the phosphate group through phosphoester linkage and form the nucleotide. The covalent joining of nucleotides by phosphophodiester linkage or bridges make up the ____.
polynucleotide
DNA is composed of two strands that are ___
antiparallel
DNA is composed of two strands that are antiparallel, so that the 5’ carbon end of one strand faces the 3’ carbon end of its ___ strand.
complementary
This is important in DNA replication and nucleic acid interactions.
complementarity of DNA strands
These two antiparallel strands of the DNA are held together by ___bonds in between paired nitrogenous base
hydrogen
Base pairing in the DNA are very specific, adenine pairs with thymine using ___hydrogen bonds and cytosine pairs with guanine using ___hydrogen bonds, respectively.
two
three
The two strands of the DNA form a complete right handed (clockwise) turn every ___ angstrom (Å) with minor and major grooves.
34
There are ___base pairs in one complete turn, thus each base pair occupies 3.4 Å.
ten
There are ten base pairs in one complete turn, thus each base pair occupies ___ Å.
3.4
