nucleic acids

Question 1

What type of molecule is DNA

Answer 1

A nucleic acid

Question 2

what does DNA stand for

Answer 2

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 3

what does RNA stand for

Answer 3

ribonucleic acid

Question 4

Functions of DNA

Answer 4

Codes for the specific sequence of amino acids in a protein
Replication in dividing cells

Question 5

function of RNA

Answer 5

used in protein synthesis

Question 6

what is the monomer that nucleic acids are made from

Answer 6

nucleotides

Question 7

Components of nucleotides

Answer 7

Phosphate, pentose sugar, nitrigenous base

Question 8

what sugar does DNA contain

Answer 8

deoxyribose

Question 9

what sugar does RNA have

Answer 9

ribose

Question 10

Names of nitrogenous bases

Answer 10

Adenine, Thymine
Guanine, Cytosine

Question 11

What are the two categories of nitrogenous bases

Answer 11

purines and pyramidines

Question 12

Which bases are pyramidines

Answer 12

Thymine, Cytosine, Urasil (T and C have a ‘y’ like pyramidines)

Question 13

Which bases are purines

Answer 13

Adenine, Guanine

Question 14

which is the only type of nucleic acid that urasil is found in

Answer 14

RNA

Question 15

Which bases pair up (complementary base pairs)?

Answer 15

Adenine and thymine
Guanine and cytosine
Tigers Are Great Cats

Question 16

How many H bonds between A and T

Answer 16

2

Question 17

how many H bonds between C and G

Answer 17

3

Question 18

What is the main characteristic of purines

Answer 18

they have 2 rings, pyramidines have 1

Question 19

structure of molecule of DNA

Answer 19

double stranded helix of anti parallel stands attached by H bonds between bases

Question 20

By what reaction is a nucleic acid formed

Answer 20

condensation reaction

Question 21

What structure do pentose sugar with phosphate form

Answer 21

sugar phosphate backbone

Question 22

What structure do pentose sugar with phosphate form

Answer 22

sugar phosphate backbone

Question 23

anti parallel strands meaning

Answer 23

two strands with one running in the opposite direction to the other

Question 24

what makes DNA molecule so stable

Answer 24

anti parallel strands joined by H bonds between bases

Question 25

How can the direction of strands in DNA be described

Answer 25

One strand runs 5'-3' based on the number of the carbon atom exposed at the top and bottom of the strand. The other is 3'-5'

Question 26

how is 3' said

Answer 26

3 prime

Question 27

size of DNA

Answer 27

Large: macromolecule, made of a long chain of nucleotides

Question 28

what type of bonds are between sugar and phosphate group

Answer 28

covalent bonds- very strong

Question 29

Describe the process of replication of DNA

Answer 29

The 2 DNA strands unwind from the helix shape and seperate Each parental strand serves as a template Free DNA nucleotides bind to the template strands Results in 2 double stranded DNA molecules in the nucleus so when the cell divides each new nucleus contains DNA identical to the original

Question 30

During which phase of the cell cycle does replication occur

Answer 30

inter phase (just before cell division)

Question 31

Enzyme that breaks down H bonds between complementary base pairs in DNA replication? 'unzipping enzyme'

Answer 31

DNA helicase

Question 32

Enzyme that adds appropriate nucleotides to make each strand a new partner? 'glueing enzyme'

Answer 32

DNA polymerase

Question 33

Another name for DNA replication

Answer 33

Semi conservative replication

Question 34

Explain semi conservative replication

Answer 34

Each daughter DNA molecule consists of one parental strand and one new strand, the parental strands having acted as template strands

Question 35

how is DNA suited to its function

Answer 35

Base pairs are in the inside of the double helix, so genetic info is protected Very large so can carry alot of generic info Two strands can separate bc of H bonds Very stable molecule

Question 36

Template?

Answer 36

A molecule of which the chemical structure determines the chemical structure of another molecule