ATP structure

Question 1

what are photoautotrophs

Answer 1

organism that uses light energy to make complex organic molecules, food

Question 2

What are autotrophs

Answer 2

convert other forms of energy into chemical energy

Question 3

what are heterotrophs

Answer 3

organisms that derive chemical energy from food

Question 4

Cells’ usable source of energy?

Answer 4

ATP

Question 5

what does ATP stand for

Answer 5

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 6

What type of molecule is ATP

Answer 6

a nucleotide

Question 7

What does ADP stand for

Answer 7

Adenosine diphosphate

Question 8

where in a molecule is energy stored

Answer 8

In the bonds: breaking bonds releases energy

Question 9

What is ATP

Answer 9

A nucleotide, its hydrolysis makes energy available and it is formed when chemical reactions release energy. An immediate source

Question 10

components of ATP

Answer 10

Adenine (nitrogenous base), three inorganic phosphate groups, ribose

Question 11

How can inorganic phosphate be represented

Answer 11

Pi

Question 12

During which process is ATP produced and how

Answer 12

During respiration: Chemical addition of a Pi to ADP

Question 13

what enzyme catalysis the condensation reaction to produce ATP

Answer 13

ATP synthase

Question 14

what enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP back into ADP and Pi

Answer 14

ATPase

Question 15

Which bond is hydrolysed when breaking down ATP

Answer 15

The bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate group

Question 16

What is the purpose of breaking ATP down into ADP

Answer 16

To release energy for cellular processes

Question 17

How much energy is released in the hydrolysis/ required for the condensation of a mole of ATP

Answer 17

30.6kJ

Question 18

Name for a reaction that releases energy

Answer 18

exergonic

Question 19

Name for a reaction that takes in energy

Answer 19

endergonic

Question 20

What is the addition of a Pi to different compounds called

Answer 20

phosphorylation

Question 21

Comparable points between ATP and glucose x7

Answer 21

Number of enzymes required to release energy
The number of steps in the hydrolysis
How quick the energy is released
The amount of energy released at once
Transport around the cell
Pass out of the cell?
Phosphorylation?

Question 22

Examples of processes ATP provides energy for

Answer 22

Active transport
Movement- muscle contraction
Nerve transmission- sodium potassium pump across axon membrane
Secretion
Metabolic processes

Question 23

Why is ATP described as an immediate energy source

Answer 23

Only one bond needs to be hydrolysed to release energy

Question 24

What is the perpose of phosphorylation and examples

Answer 24

Make the molecule more reactive (more energy) e.g in active transport, to glucose at the start of respiration, ADP to ATP, nerve transmission

Question 25

In what quantities is energy released by ATP

Answer 25

Small manageable amount

Question 26

What is the benefit of ATP releasing small amounts of energy at a time

Answer 26

Cells dont overheat from wasted hear energy, cells are less likely to run out of resources

Question 27

How do both ATP and glucose travel around the cell

Answer 27

In solution in the cytoplasm, can move around the cell easily

Question 28

How many hydrolysis reactions does glucose require to release all its energy

Answer 28

several

Question 29

Why cant ATP pass out of the cell

Answer 29

Cant diffuse out, no carriers or channel that can move it Cell have a constant supply of ATP/ ADP+ Pi

Question 30

what is the name for adenine and ribose together

Answer 30

adenosine

Question 31

why is ATP called the universal energy currency

Answer 31

it is used to provide energy for all biochemical reactions in all living organisms

Question 32

chemoautotrophs

Answer 32

Convert energy from oxidation of electron donors e.g H2 Some bacteria and archaea

Question 33

photoautotrophs

Answer 33

Convert light energy in photosynthesis

Question 34

How do organisms mainly store energys

Answer 34

bonds in carbs and lipids

Question 35

is ATP an energy store

Answer 35

no, we only have 5g in the body but use 50kg daily

Question 36

what are chemoautotrophs

Answer 36

Organisms that use chemical energy to make complex organic molecules